History of Neurology EARLY BOSTON NEUROLOGY RICHARD J
History of Neurology EARLY BOSTON NEUROLOGY RICHARD J. BAROHN, MD GERTRUDE AND DEWEY ZIEGLER PROFESSOR OF NEUROLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER
• Born in Boston, MA • Harvard Medical School - 1866 James Jackson Putnam, MD (1846 -1918) • MGH home office • Europe: Vienna (Rokitansky, Meynert) & London (Jackson) • Physician to Outpatients & Electrician & Lecturer at MGH - 1872 • Professor of Nervous Disease; Harvard – 1893 to 1912 • Did electrical stimulation of cortex in dogs with William James • Other contributions: • Poliomyelitis • Arsenic & lead neuropathies • Myelopathy in pts with anemia/poor nutrition • Founding member ANA in 1874 & President in 1888 • Founding member Boston Society of Psychology & Neurology 1911 • Also interested in Neurasthenia , psychology, and psychoanalysis • Convinced Freud to visit Clark University - 1909
Early Boston Neurology Samuel G. Webber, MD (1838 -1926) ◦ ◦ ◦ “Electrician” Boston City Hospital (1877) In charge of inpatient and outpatient neurology Book: Disease of the Peripheral Cerebrospinal Nerves (1881) Professor of Neurology at Tufts (1893) Professor of Clinical Neurology at HMS (1884) Robert Thaxter Edes, MD (1838 -1923) ◦ ◦ HMS (1861) Civil War Assistant Surgeon General for US Navy Professor at HMS (1875 -1886) Visiting Professor of Nervous Disease at Boston City Hospital Philip Combs Knapp, MD (1858 -1920) ◦ HMS (1883) ◦ Physician of Dis Nervous System – Boston City Hospital (1886 -1920) ◦ Book: Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Intra-Cranial Growths (1891)
Early Boston Neurology James Bourne Ayers, MD (1882 -1903) ◦ HMS (1907), then MGH ◦ WWI developed method of puncture cisterna magna ◦ 1 st in animals, then humans (1917) ◦ At MGH, CSF lab compared measurements of lumber & CM ◦ Measured protein content in CSF ◦ Pressure measurements to define lateral sinus thrombosis ◦ James Jackson Putnam Professor of Neurology (1926) Stanley Cobb, MD (1887 -1965) ◦ HMS (1914) ◦ Surgery Intern at PBBH with Cushing, then Physiology at John Hopkins ◦ After WWI – became Instructor at HMS, then Assistant Professor of Neuropathology - studied in England ◦ Bullard Professor of Neuropathology HMS ◦ Chief of Neurology Service, Boston City Hospital (1930) ◦ Worked with Lennox, Putnam, Merritt, Fremont-Smith, and Gibbs ◦ Book: A Preface to Nervous Disease - 1936 ◦ Dedicated to Lennox Stanley Cobb
Early Boston Neurology William Gordon Lennox, MD (1888 -1960) ◦ HMS (1913) ◦ Studied Rockefeller Med School & Hospital ◦ HMS, began investigation on epilepsy (1922) ◦ Worked with Cobb, Wolfe on cerebral blood flow ◦ New EEG techniques with Gibbs and Davis (1934) ◦ Book: Epilepsy & Related Disorders with his daughter (1960) Henry R. Viets, MD (1890 -1969) ◦ ◦ ◦ HMS Oxford with Osler/ Sherrington At HMS/MGH established myasthenia gravis clinic Visited London (1935) Neostigmine, 1 st used in USA Schwab in obituary: Viets gave Schwab a vial of neostigmine and said, “Find a myasthenia patient for tomorrow's conference and we will inject this in her muscles” ◦ Chairman of Medical Advisory Board MGF when formed (1962) Henry R. Viets
• Born in New Zealand, Medical School at Otago Univ. • Fellow under Sherrington, 1925 -1928 Derek Ernest Denny Brown, MD (1901 -1981) • Neuro Registrar Queen Square & Guys Hospital, 1928 -1933 • Yale with John Fulton, monkey frontal lab research • Chief Neuro SVC Boston City Hospital, 1939 • WW 2 SVC - Military hospital for head injuries in UK • James Jackson Putnam Prof Neurology HMS, 1946 -1967 • Researcher in neurophysiology, neuropathy, clinical • Topics: disorder of posture & movement • Nature of reflex activity spasticity • Books: • Selected Writings of Charles Sherrington, 1939 • The Frontal Lobes & Their Functions, 1941 • The Basal Ganglia & Their Relations to Disorders of Movement, 1962 • The Cerebral Control of Movement, 1966 • Diseases of Muscles: A Study in Pathology, 1962 with R. D. Adams & C. M. Pearson
L-R: Derek Denny-Brown, Dewey Ziegler, A. T. Steegmann 1966
• Born in Portland, Oregon • Univ of Oregon Psychology / Duke MD (1936) Raymond D Adams, MD (1911 -2008) • Boston City Hospital (1930’s/40’s) • Chief of Neurology MGH (1951 -1977) • Bullard Professor of neuropathology at HMS • Principles of Neurology with Maurice Victor • 1 st edition 1977; 10 th edition 2014 • Currently Sammuels & Ropper: Adam’s & Victor’s Principles of Neurology • Books: • Polymyositis with John Walton (1958) • Disease of Muscles (1953) • Histology and Histopathology of the Nervous System, ed. Webb Haymaker & RD Adams (1982)
4 th Edition
Adams & Victor’s Principles of Neurology “My” 1 st line Neurology Textbook as a Resident 2 nd ed. 1981 3 rd ed. 1985 4 th ed. 1989 5 th ed. 1993 1 st ed. 1977 6 th ed. 1997 7 th ed. 2001 8 th ed. 2005 9 th ed. 2009 10 th ed. 2014
Neurology Family Tree of R. D. Adams S. Hauser (UCSF) A. Roper (PBB/HMS) GBS Everything R. Brown (U Mass) ALS M. Samuels (PBB/HMS) Gen Neuro
• Born in Waterloo, Ontario • Died in Albany, NY C Miller Fisher, MD (1913 -2012) • B. A. Victoria University Toronto (1935) • M. D. University of Toronto (1938) • Residency Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit & Royal Victoria Hospital Montreal • WWII: Doctor in the Canadian Navy • On HMS Voltaire when sunk (1941) • 3. 5 years in German prison camp • The Royal Victoria Hospital & Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital • Then MGH for his neuro career • founded the stroke service
C Miller Fisher, MD (1913 -2012) Publications/ Importance Described TIA’s Strokes 2 nd & Afib Strokes 2 nd carotid stenosis & CEA Rx Described lacunar infarct & pure motor & pure sensory stroke An Unusual Variant of Acute Idiopathic Polyneuritis (Syndrome of Ophthalmoplegia, Ataxia and Areflexia). N Engl J Med. 1956; 255: 57 -65 The Miller Fisher Syndrome “Fisher Test”- describes the CSF tap test for NPH Canadian Medical Hall of Fame (1998)
• Born in Antwerp, Belgium • Tried to escape Europe in WWII but got trapped at Dunkirk; helped do 1 st aid, age 17 Charles M. Poser, MD (1923 -2010) • 1941 NYC - HS then City College NY • Enlisted US Army - military intelligence • Battle of Bulge (Bastogne) • Present at liberation of the Mauthausen Concentration Camp • Finished CCNY degree; earned MD at Columbia Medical School • Res of Neurology at NY Neuro Inst & Columbia under HH Merritt • 1955 Fulbright Scholarship in Antwerp under Ludo van Bogaert (Neuropath) • 196? Joined U. Kansas section Neuro • 196? moved to UMKC • 1969 Chair Dept. of Neurology, U. of Vermont • 1982 HMS, Beth Israel, Harvard & Veterans Administration Hospital • Poser criteria for measuring & describing MS • Poser CM, et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1983 Mar; 13(3): 227 -31 • Topical neurology & malaria
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