History of Manufacturing Overview This presentation discusses The
- Slides: 17
History of Manufacturing
Overview This presentation discusses: • The need for manufacturing • A brief history of manufacturing • Key figures in manufacturing • An example of the manufacturing process
Why Manufacture? • Manufacturing accounts for 20% of the US gross domestic product • Manufacturing employs 17% of the U. S. workforce 1 1 according Domestic Product to the National Science and Technology Council Workforce
History of Manufacturing Prior to 19 th century – Artisans – Handmade products
History of Manufacturing Prior to the 19 th century – Eli Whitney Photos courtesy of www. eliwhitney. org
History of Manufacturing Early 1900 s – Henry Ford From Wiki
History of Manufacturing Early 1900 s – Kiichiro Toyoda – Lean Manufacturing Five areas drive lean manufacturing/production: – Cost – Quality – Delivery – Safety – Morale
History of Manufacturing Mid 1900 s – Jervis B. Webb Co. creates the first electronically coordinated conveyor system Photo courtesy of Jervis B. Webb Col.
Manufacturing Today Automatic Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS) – Moves material vertically or horizontally between storage compartment and transfer station or within a process Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) – Computer-controlled system using pallets to transport work pieces to NC machine tools and other equipment in a flexible manufacturing system Artificial Intelligence (AI) – Machines learn from experience – Knowledge used to problem solve
Manufacturing Today Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) – Company-wide management philosophy for planning, integration, and implementation of automation Manufacturing Enterprise Wheel 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Customer-centered People and teamwork Shared knowledge Key processes Resources and responsibilities Infrastructure Photo Courtesy of Kettering Communications
Manufacturing Today Kaizen – Japanese word for “improvement” – Based on continuous improvement by everyone Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) – Adapts efficiently to changing need – Possibly increase productivity by 50%
Manufacturing Today Just In Time Manufacturing (JIT) – Objective is to eliminate waste – Capable of producing mixed products – Utilizes cross-trained workers Toyota Production System (TPS) – Applied to automotive manufacturing – Competes with mass production – Employs lean production strategy Lean Manufacturing – Systematic elimination of waste – Entire system must participate to produce effectivity
Lean Manufacturing Video
Manufacturing Today Six Sigma (6σ) – Indicates measure of quality for near perfection – Produces fewer than 3. 4 defects per million opportunities – Identifies and corrects causes of defects – Utilizes the five “whys” to uncover root cause 6σ
Manufacturing Today Rapid Prototyping – Prototype made directly from a computer model – Several technologies • • Stereolithography 3 D Printing Selective Laser Sintering Fused Deposition Modeling Workcell – Manufacturing resources arranged into a group Work Envelope – Range of motion of a robot or machine – Degrees of freedom are individual movements
References Computer and Automated Systems Association of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (3 rd ed. ). (1993). The new manufacturing enterprise wheel. Dearborn, Michigan: Author. Elshennawy, A. K. , & Schrader, G. F. (2000). Manufacturing processes and materials. Dearborn, MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Ford Motor Company. (n. d. ) Ford Model T turns 100: Centennial celebrations underway for the historic icon. Retrieved January 27, 2010, from http: //media. ford. com/article_display. cfm? article_id=27864 Kettering University. (n. d. ) Industrial engineering laboratories. Retrieved December 18, 2007, from http: //www. kettering. edu/futurestudents/undergraduate/industrialengi neering_labs. jsp Kiichiro Toyoda. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kiichiro_Toyoda Microsoft Clip Art. (2009). Retrieved February 28, 2009, from www. microsoft. com
References Rapid Prototyping. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rapid_Prototyping Robot. Worx. (2009). Work envelope. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from http: //www. robots. com/faq. php? question=work+envelope Rufe, P. D. (Ed. ). (2002). Fundamentals of manufacturing. Dearborn, MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Six Sigma Dictionary (2009). In i. Six. Sigma. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from http: //www. isixsigma. com/dictionary/Work_Cell-128. htm Toyoda, K. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 9, 2009, from http: //en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Kiichiro_Toyoda&oldid=168 960586
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