History of Journalism Part 1 American Journalism The

History of Journalism Part 1

American Journalism - The Begining l America's first newspaper, Publick Occurrences, was published in Boston in 1690. Today, just over three centuries later, we have more than 1400 dailies in this country, with the two largest (USA Today and the Wall Street Journal) claiming circulations exceeding two million readers each

American Journalism - The Begining l 1721 - The New England Courant, published by Ben Franklin’s older brother James, is first to offer readers literature in addition to news

American Journalism - The Begining l 1880 -1900 - Photographs begin to appear in newspapers l 1890 s - Sensationalism, known as yellow journalism, is used to win papers more readers. It is the use of lurid features in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation l 1893 - Color is used for comics and other parts of Sunday editions

American Journalism - The Begining l The term yellow journalism came from a popular New York World comic called "Hogan's Alley, " which featured a yellow-dressed character named the "the yellow kid. " Determined to compete with Pulitzer's World in every way, rival New York Journal owner William Randolph Hearst copied Pulitzer's sensationalist style and even hired "Hogan's Alley" artist R. F. Outcault away from the World. In response, Pulitzer commissioned another cartoonist to create a second yellow kid. Soon, the sensationalist press of the 1890 s became a competition between the "yellow kids, " and the journalistic style was coined "yellow journalism. "

American Journalism - The Begining l 1833 The New York Sun becomes the first people’s or penny paper, selling on the street for just one cent. l 1835 - The New York Herald introduces newspaper sections devoted to money, sports, society news, letters, and reviews and publishes extras or special editions to cover significant news l 1851 - The New York Times is founded

American Journalism - The Begining l 1849 - Groups of newspapers band together to support a news-gathering service that will supply foreign news by ship and telegraph; the group later becomes the Associated Press (AP)

Recap So Far l Publick Occurrence – 1 st paper l 1880 – 1 st Photos l 1890 – Sesational Journalism or Yellow Journalism l 1833 – NY Sun first “Penny Paper” l 1835 – New York Herald – Sections l 1849 – Associated Press l 1851 – NY Times

American Journalism - The Beginning - 1861 -1865 - Hundreds of photographers, including the wellknown war photographer Mathew Brady, are issued passes to cover the Civil War - Reporters in the field develop the summary lead to make sure that the main point of their story gets through by telegraph - Papers begin to bulletin highlights of the war action as headlines

American Journalism - The Beginning • 1870 -1900 - Population of the United States doubles; city population triples; number of daily newspapers quadruples • More women work at newspapers, as correspondents, editors, and writers • Telephones and typewriters change the way work is done in the newsroom • Cables linking the United States to England parts of Asia make news gathering faster

American Journalism - The Beginning • 1880 -1900 - Photographs begin to appear in newspapers • 1890 s - Sensationalism, known as yellow journalism, is used to win papers more readers • 1893 - Color is used for comics and other parts of Sunday editions

American Journalism - The Beginning • 1920 s - Radio and movies begin to compete with newspapers and magazines for people, time and attention • 1930 s - Picture magazines such as Life become extremely popular and provide greater opportunities for photojournalists.

American Journalism - The Beginning • 1930 s-1940 s - Newsreels shown at movie houses before or after the feature film offer a new view of the news • 1950 s - People begin to turn to television for the news • 1960 -1990 - Investigative reporters uncover information about the activities of the government and other groups and offer interpretations of events and issues, such as organized crime, the Pentagon Papers, Watergate, and Iran-contra

American Journalism - The Beginning • 1970 s-1980 s - Computers begin to change the process of producing a newspaper • 1990 s - Reporters are able to file stories from around the world immediately using lap-top computers and modems or via satellite