HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION To classify To group ideas

HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION To classify: To group ideas, information or objects based on their similarities Examples: Grocery stores, libraries, department stores, living things into Kingdoms Aristotle: a Greek philosopher who developed a system to group living things. He divided all organisms into 2 Kingdoms: Plants and Animals! He then divided the Animal Kingdom into smaller groups based on where they lived: Land, Air, or Water PROBLEMS!!! *What about frogs? ? (who live in water and on land) * He divided Plants on size, not similarities He started Taxonomy the science of grouping and naming organisms

HOW DID CLASSIFICATION CHANGE? ? Genus species Carolus Linnaeus – A Swedish scientist who classified using: similar body structures, color, shape, METHODS OF OBTAINING FOOD!!! He created a better way to name organisms Binomial nomenclature! This is a system of naming organisms using two names in Latin. Ursa americanus Canus rufus

IN FRONT OF YOU IS ORGANISM “X”. HOW CAN WE CLASSIFY THIS ORGANISM INTO A KINGDOM AND SO ON? ? MODERN CLASSIFICATION We can use our knowledge of what an organism looks like and figure out it’s phylogeny (Evolutionary history) *Today we answer four questions to find the right Kingdom* 1. Do the cells have a nucleus? (Prokaryote or Eukaryote) 2. Is it one OR more cells big? 3. Does it make it’s own food? 4. Can it move itself? Example: A many celled eukaryote that cannot move from place to place, but can make it’s own food is a …… PLANT!!!!!

FROM LARGEST TO SMALLEST Classification level Memory device Domain----------------Did Kingdom --------------King Phylum --------------Philip Class ---------------come Order ----------------over Family -----------------for Genus ---------------good Species -----smallest-----soup?

MONERAN KINGDOM (BACTERIA) 1. **Prokaryotic (No nucleus)** 2. Single celled organisms Microscopic! 3. Some are consumers; some producers 4. Some can move themselves, some cannot move on their own

PROTIST KINGDOM 1. Eukaryotic (Has a nucleus) 2. Some are single celled; some many celled 3. Can be consumers and producers 4. Some can move on their own; Some cannot ****Major difference between Monerans and Protists is…. . having a nucleus!!! Euglena Paramecium Amoeba

FUNGI KINGDOM 1. Eukaryotic 2. Mostly many celled; some single celled 3. ***IS A DECOMPOSER!!!*** Not a producer or consumer 4. Cannot move on own Yeast Mushroom Yeast Mold

PLANT KINGDOM 1. Eukaryotic 2. Many celled 3. Producers!!! 4. Cannot move on their own Angiosperms Gymnosperms

ANIMAL KINGDOM 1. Eukaryotic 2. Many celled 3. Consumers!!!! 4. Can move on their own Phylum Arthropoda, Class Arachnid Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta

KINGDOM ARCHEA *Same 4 characteristics as Monerans (bacteria) : 1. No Nucleus 2. Single celled 3. Some produce and some consume 4. Some can move……but have very different DNA than the Monerans. *Found in ocean vents and near hot poisonous gases underwater *Name literally means Ancient

DICHOTOMOUS KEYS A step-by-step guide to identifying an organism They require a choice of one of the two descriptions at each step. EX. 1 EX. 2 – Can be in written form (See p. 170 in the old textbook)

QUIZ TIME! Aristotle broke living things into 2 kingdoms: Plant and Animal. 1. How did he further divide the Animal Kingdom? 2. How did he further divide the Plant Kingdom? 3. The system for naming living things with 2 names in Latin is ? 4. I am single celled with a nucleus. Name my kingdom. 5. I am a many celled decomposer. Name my kingdom. 6. I am a prokaryote and may be living on or in you. Name my kingdom. 7. I can’t move, I’m multi-cellular and I’m not a consumer or decomposer. Name my kingdom. 8. I am a multi-cellular consumer. Name my kingdom. 9. I am prokaryotic and live in very extreme environments…so scientists think I may be the earliest form of life. Name my