History of Civil Engineering and Architecture Definitions Civil

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History of Civil Engineering and Architecture

History of Civil Engineering and Architecture

Definitions Civil Engineering An engineer trained in the design and construction of public works,

Definitions Civil Engineering An engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges, dams, and other large facilities. Architecture Art and science of designing buildings for human habitation.

Beginnings

Beginnings

Building Materials were chosen based on availability and climate. www. wikipedia. org Greece consists

Building Materials were chosen based on availability and climate. www. wikipedia. org Greece consists almost entirely Wood was readily of limestone with many sources available China. Therefore many of fine in marble. Traditional Chinese were Greek structures wooden architecture constructed with limestone and changed marble. little over thousands of years. Ruins of Babylon (present day Iraq). All that remains View of the city of Machu of the famous city-state is a mound of broken mud. Picchu constructed from stone brickthe dwellings. cut from surrounding www. wikipedia. org mountains. www. wikipedia. org

Vernacular Architecture Methods of construction that use locally available resources and traditions to address

Vernacular Architecture Methods of construction that use locally available resources and traditions to address local needs. www. wikipedia. org An igloo, an Inuit winter dwelling African Hut at Bana, a small village of Cameroon

Vernacular Architecture www. wikipedia. org Apache wickiup built of brush, www. wikipedia. org Traditional

Vernacular Architecture www. wikipedia. org Apache wickiup built of brush, www. wikipedia. org Traditional Nepalese house built grass, or reed of stone and clay Southern African rondavel (or banda)

The Pyramids Bearing Wall Stepped Pyramid Great Pyramid of Khufu

The Pyramids Bearing Wall Stepped Pyramid Great Pyramid of Khufu

The Pyramids Kukulkan's Pyramid

The Pyramids Kukulkan's Pyramid

Modern Pyramids

Modern Pyramids

The Parthenon

The Parthenon

Arches Keystone

Arches Keystone

The Vault

The Vault

Domes

Domes

Pantheon

Pantheon

Colosseum

Colosseum

Great Wall of China

Great Wall of China

Water Supply

Water Supply

Road Systems

Road Systems

Early Bridge Designs www. wikipedia. org

Early Bridge Designs www. wikipedia. org

Roman Bridges ©istockphoto. com A Roman bridge crosses the Afrin River in northern Syria

Roman Bridges ©istockphoto. com A Roman bridge crosses the Afrin River in northern Syria and is still in use today. ©istockphoto. com Roman bridge in Vaison la Romaine, south France

After the Fall of Rome istockphoto. com www. wikipedia. org The first arch bridge

After the Fall of Rome istockphoto. com www. wikipedia. org The first arch bridge in the world to be made out of cast iron, a material which was previously far too expensive to use for large structures

Structural Steel istockphoto. com Perhaps the best known structural steel framed building is the

Structural Steel istockphoto. com Perhaps the best known structural steel framed building is the Empire State Building, completed in 1931.

Reinforced Concrete istockphoto. com The Burj Khalifa (United Arab Emirates) is the tallest manmade

Reinforced Concrete istockphoto. com The Burj Khalifa (United Arab Emirates) is the tallest manmade structure ever built. It is supported by a reinforced concrete core using a special concrete mix.

Reinforced Concrete Bridges www. wikipedia. org Cedar Avenue Bridge (actually carrying Tenth Street) in

Reinforced Concrete Bridges www. wikipedia. org Cedar Avenue Bridge (actually carrying Tenth Street) in Minneapolis, MN over the Mississippi is a reinforced concrete open spandrel arch bridge.

Image Resources Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip art. Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http: //office.

Image Resources Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip art. Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http: //office. microsoft. com/en-us/clipart/default. aspx Wikipedia. Retrieved January 11, 2009, from www. wikipedia. org i. Stockphoto. Retrieved January 11. 2009, from www. istockphoto. com

References Williams, T. I. (2000). A history of invention. New York: Checkmark Books.

References Williams, T. I. (2000). A history of invention. New York: Checkmark Books.