History of Civil Engineering and Architecture Definitions Civil
- Slides: 26
History of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Definitions Civil Engineering An engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges, dams, and other large facilities. Architecture Art and science of designing buildings for human habitation.
Beginnings
Building Materials were chosen based on availability and climate. www. wikipedia. org Greece consists almost entirely Wood was readily of limestone with many sources available China. Therefore many of fine in marble. Traditional Chinese were Greek structures wooden architecture constructed with limestone and changed marble. little over thousands of years. Ruins of Babylon (present day Iraq). All that remains View of the city of Machu of the famous city-state is a mound of broken mud. Picchu constructed from stone brickthe dwellings. cut from surrounding www. wikipedia. org mountains. www. wikipedia. org
Vernacular Architecture Methods of construction that use locally available resources and traditions to address local needs. www. wikipedia. org An igloo, an Inuit winter dwelling African Hut at Bana, a small village of Cameroon
Vernacular Architecture www. wikipedia. org Apache wickiup built of brush, www. wikipedia. org Traditional Nepalese house built grass, or reed of stone and clay Southern African rondavel (or banda)
The Pyramids Bearing Wall Stepped Pyramid Great Pyramid of Khufu
The Pyramids Kukulkan's Pyramid
Modern Pyramids
The Parthenon
Arches Keystone
The Vault
Domes
Pantheon
Colosseum
Great Wall of China
Water Supply
Road Systems
Early Bridge Designs www. wikipedia. org
Roman Bridges ©istockphoto. com A Roman bridge crosses the Afrin River in northern Syria and is still in use today. ©istockphoto. com Roman bridge in Vaison la Romaine, south France
After the Fall of Rome istockphoto. com www. wikipedia. org The first arch bridge in the world to be made out of cast iron, a material which was previously far too expensive to use for large structures
Structural Steel istockphoto. com Perhaps the best known structural steel framed building is the Empire State Building, completed in 1931.
Reinforced Concrete istockphoto. com The Burj Khalifa (United Arab Emirates) is the tallest manmade structure ever built. It is supported by a reinforced concrete core using a special concrete mix.
Reinforced Concrete Bridges www. wikipedia. org Cedar Avenue Bridge (actually carrying Tenth Street) in Minneapolis, MN over the Mississippi is a reinforced concrete open spandrel arch bridge.
Image Resources Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip art. Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http: //office. microsoft. com/en-us/clipart/default. aspx Wikipedia. Retrieved January 11, 2009, from www. wikipedia. org i. Stockphoto. Retrieved January 11. 2009, from www. istockphoto. com
References Williams, T. I. (2000). A history of invention. New York: Checkmark Books.
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