HISTORY OF BIOLOGY Aristotle 384 322 B C

HISTORY OF BIOLOGY Aristotle (384 -322 B. C. )

CONTRIBUTIONS l Famous Greek Philosopher l Pioneered Zoology l First to classify living things l Divided the plants into herbs, shrubs and trees and animals into land dwellers, water dwellers and air dwellers

Claudius Galen (A. D. 131 -200)

CONTRIBUTIONS l Greek physician who describe the anatomy of the human body based on dissections of apes and pigs. l showed that arteries carry blood l His description contained many errors, however, and were unchallenged for 1, 300 years.

Andreas Versalius (1514 -1564)

CONTRIBUTIONS l Father of Modern Anatomy l Made the first studies on human anatomy by dissecting corpses “De Humani Corporis Fabrica”. l He pioneered the comparative approach, which is using other animals to know the function and organization of a particular anatomical part of the body.

William Harvey (1578 -1657)

CONTRIBUTIONS l English physician who showed conclusively that the heart pumps the blood and the blood circulates. l He stimulated the development of anatomy by proving the principle that structure and function must be studied together. l gave an accurate account of the mechanism of the circulatory system

William Harvey Explains Blood Circulation

Marcello Malpighi (1628 -1694)

CONTRIBUTIONS l Italian physician and anatomist who was the founder of microscopic anatomy. l In 1661, he discovered the capillaries, shedding light to the missing element in Harvey’s theory of blood circulation. l observed the microscopic components of the liver, brain, kidneys, spleen, bone, and the inner, or what came to be known as the Malpighian, layer of the skin l discover red blood corpuscles

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 -1694)

CONTRIBUTIONS l Cloth merchant, was the first to use the microscope with great observational and descriptive skills. l His most important discoveries were microorganisms (including bacteria), sperm cells and singlecelled organisms called protozoans.

CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707 -1778)

CONTRIBUTION l Father of Taxonomy l Developed binomial nomenclature to classify and organize plants and animals

GREGOR MENDEL (1822 -1884)

CONTRIBUTION l Father of Genetics l Developed the principles of heredity by studying the variation and heredity of seven pairs of inherited characteristics in pea plants

Charles Darwin (1809 -1882)

CONTRIBUTIONS l The most prominent figure in the history of biology. l His book “Origin of Species” (1859) presents theory of evolution by natural selection. l His work provided a unifying, organizing framework for the field of biology.

FILIPINO BIOLOGISTS Leon Ma. Guerrero (1853 -1935)

CONTRIBUTIONS l Father of Philippine Pharmacophytology. l He identified hundreds of trees and herbs and sought to extract from them certain substances with therapeutic properties. l First to identify and describe plants that poison fish.

Angel S. Arguelles (1888 -1952)

CONTRIBUTIONS l Taught Filipino planters and farmers how to use fertilizers and pesticides. l His name is listed among the “American Men of Science” (He is not an American)

Nemesio L. Mendiola (1890 -1983) CONTRIBUTIONS - Introduced better varieties of fruits, vegetables and flowering plants. - Breed a new variety of pineapple that has the sweetness of the Hawaiian pineapple and the high yield of the native pineapple. - He was referred to as the “Luther Burbank” of the Philippines.

Felix D. Maramba Sr. (1898 -1983) CONTRIBUTIONS Popular in the fields of agriculture and business. - He contributed a machine that could turn rice hull into fuels for farm engines, a charcoal and a coconut-oil fed power generator and the biogas technology. - Other researches of Maramba are production of alcohol from cassava, soap from lye, and pelletized sludge organic fertilizer. - He was indeed a man of ingenuity in agricultural technology. -

Juan Salcedo (1904 -1988)

CONTRIBUTIONS Launched the biggest project in the history of Philippine medicine – the inclusion of enriched rice in the Filipino diet. l *Enriched rice is fortified with vitamin B 1 to cure beri-beri. l He took other projects like the extensive drive to combat mosquitoes which carry malaria germs, and the use of the vaccine BCG to combat tuberculosis. l He was among the first batch of national scientists named by the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST). l

Fe Del Mundo (1907 – present)

CONTRIBUTIONS l Invented the incubator and the jaundice-relieving device for babies. l She conducted an experiment on immunization that help designate the best age at which children should be immunized. l She wrote many books and research papers on pediatrics. l She was proclaimed a National Scientist in 1980.