History Evolution of Nursing Course NUR 210 Kozier

History & Evolution of Nursing Course: NUR 210 Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Learning Objectives • Students after this lecture will be able to: § Understand history & evolution of nursing profession § Know the Nursing leaders § Identify nursing profession § Discuss key attributes of nursing profession § Explain the standers of nursing professional practice § Describe the scope of nursing practice § Clarify History of nursing in Islam § Discuss development in nursing in Saudi Arabia Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

History of Nursing Profession • Historical Perspective § Dramatic change in response to societal needs-influences § Struggles for autonomy & professionalization Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

History of Nursing profession • Women` s roles • Religion • War Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Women`s Roles • Caring and nurturing of other family members • Subservient-dependent role in the community Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Religions • Christian parable of the Good Samaritan • Roman Empire • Conversion to Christianity • Houses of care and healing • Fabiola • Crusades • Knights Hospitalers • Knights of Saint Lazarus Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Religions • Medieval § Alexian Brothers § Deaconess groups suppressed • 1800 s § Order of Deaconesses reinstituted 1836 Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

War • • • Islamic wars Crimean War Florence Nightingale American Civil War Harriet Tubman Sojourner Truth Dorothea Dix World War I Harsh environments and new injuries Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

war • • World War I Progress in the field of surgery World War II Acute shortage of caregivers Cadet Nurse Corps Vietnam War Youngest group of medical personnel to serve in wartime Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Figure 1– 2 Harriet Tubman (1820– 1913) was known as "The Moses of Her People" for her work with the Underground Railroad. During the Civil War she nursed the sick and suffering of her own race. Universal Images Group/Getty Images. Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Figure 1– 3 Sojourner Truth (1797– 1883), abolitionist, Underground Railroad agent, preacher, and women's rights advocate, was a nurse for more than 4 years during the Civil War and worked as a nurse and counselor for the Freedmen's Relief Association after the war. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution/Art Resources, NY. Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Figure 1– 4 Dorothea Dix (1802– 1887) was the Union's superintendent of female nurses during the Civil War. Bettman/Corbis. Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Nursing Leaders 1. Florence Nightingale-First theorist/scientist 2. Clara Barton- Established American Red Cross 3. Linda Richards- Introduced nurses` notes & doctors` orders 4. Mary Mahoney- Contributed in interracial relationship 5. Lillian Wald- Founder of public health 6. Lavinia Dock- Allowed nurse to control their profession 7. Margaret Sanger- Founder of Planned Parenthood 8. Mary Breckinridge- Established the Frontier Nursing services Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Definition of Nursing • Nursing is Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Key Attributes of Nursing • Top key attributes of a nurse includes: § § § § Communication skills Emotional stability Empathy Flexibility Interpersonal skills Quick response Problem solving skills Respect Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Practice of Nursing • Recipients of Nursing Care § Consumer § Patient § Client Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Consumer § An individual, group of people, or community which uses services § People who use health care services are consumers of health care Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Patient A person who is waiting for undergoing medical treatment and care • Some nurses believe that patient implies passive acceptance of the decisions and care of health professionals Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Client A person who engages in advice, services of another who is qualified to provide service • Word “client” increasingly used over patient • Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Scope of Nursing • • Promotion of health and wellness Prevention of illness Restoring health Caring for the dying Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Promotion of health and wellness • Nurses promote wellness in healthy or ill clients • It involves individual and community activities to enhance health lifestyles such as, § § § Improving nutrition Physical fitness Preventing drugs & alcohol misuse Restrict smoking Preventing accidents Preventing injuries either at home or workplace Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Prevention of illness • Prevents illness to accrue by: § Immunizations § Prenatal and infant care § Prevention of sexually transmitted infections Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Restoring health • Direct care to ill person • Diagnostic and assessment procedures • Consulting other health care professionals • Teaching clients recovery activities • Rehabilitating clients to optimal functional level Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Caring for the Dying • Comforting & caring for people of all ages • Helping clients live comfortable as possible until dying • In homes, hospitals, extended care facilities, and hospices Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved

Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and Practice TENTH EDITION, GLOBAL EDITION CHAPTER 1 Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Global Edition, 10/E, Audrey T. Berman, Samuel Merritt Univeristy, Charles Snyder, Geralyn Frandsen, Maryville University ISBN-10: 1292106107 • ISBN-13: 9781292106106 © 2016 • Pearson • Paper, 1520 pp http: //catalogue. pearsoned. co. uk/educator/product/Ko zier-Erbaposs-Fundamentals-of-Nursing-Global. Edition/9781292106106. page Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition, Global Edition Audrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Limited All Rights Reserved