History And Culture Of Punjab B AIII Semester

History And Culture Of Punjab B. A-III Semester

Chapter- 1 Society and Culture in Punjab the Turko-Afghan Rule

Timeline and dynasties of Turko-Afghan Rule: Slave Dynasty 1. Qutub-ud-din Aibak 2. Iltutmish 3. Balban Khalji Dynasty 1. Jalal-ud-din Firoz Khalji 2. Ala-ud-din Khalji Tuglaq Dynasty 1. Ghias-ud-din Tuglaq 2. Mohammad-bin-Tuglaq 3. Firoz Shah Tuqlag

� Society and Culture under Turko-Afghan Soaciety: 1. Social Division Among Muslims 2. Drawback of the Muslim Society 3. Social Condition of the Hindus 4. Slavery 5. Food and Clothing Economic life: 1. Agriculture 2. Land revenue and Taxation 3. Trade and Commerce 4. Industry 5. Prices 6. Standard of living

Chapter II- Punjab Under the Mughals

�Babur: �First Expedition in 1519 �Second Expedition in 1519 �Third Expedition in 1520 �Fourth Expedition in 1524 �Fifth Expedition in 1525

� Humayun � Akbar � Jahangir � Shah Jhan � Aurrangzeb Social and Economic Condition Under the Mughals 1. The Hindu Society 2. The Muslim Society 3. Food Dress and Ornaments 4. Family Life 5. Amusements and Recreation 6. Status of Women 7. Fairs and Festivals 8. Agriculture 9. Trade and Commerce 10. Industry

�Chapter III- GURU NANAK AND HIS TEACHINGS

Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born in a bedi family on the full moon day in 1469. The name of his father was Mehta Kalu and his mother was Tripta Devi. He was married to Sulakhni Devi and two sons were born named Baba Sri Chand Lakhmi Chand. When he attained enlightenment he settled at Kartarpur and started preaching his teachings to the common masses. His main teachings were as follow: 1. Concept of God: According to nanak God is one. He is omnipresent and omnipotent. He is present everywhere. He is bountiful. He is above all.

2. Concept of Guru: He laid stress on the importance of Guru. He believes without guru one can not attain god. Guru is a ladder to reach Guru. 3. Philosophy of Karma: He had full faith in Karma Theory. According to him Soul is Immortal. The Good and Bad actions were determined by Karma of a man. The Karma decide the next birth of human beings. 4. Self Surrender 5. Equality of man. 6. Opposed Caste System. 7. Opposed useless Rituals.

8. He raised voice against women exploitation. 9. Refused to consider Sanskrit language. 10. Opposed priestly class. 11. Emphasis on good conduct of life. 12. Sachkhand 13. Opposed Priestly domination 14. No belief in Asceticism.

�Chapter- IV Salient Features of the Bhakti Movement:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. God is one No Belief in Caste System No belief in Idol-Worship Attack on Ritualism and False Practices No sanctity in any particular religion Important Bhakti Saints: Guru Nanak Dev Namdev Tukaram Kabir Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Vallabhacharya Mirabai Ramanuja Ramanand

�Chapter- V Main Features of Sufism in Punjab

�Belief in God �God is one �God is omnipotent �Importance of Truth �Emphasis on Spirituality �Importance of Guru �Relation with Mystism �Based of teachings of Quran and Islam �Simple, pure and sacred life.

�Chapter- VI Development of Sikhism under Guru Angad, Amardass and Ramdass

LANGAR: It implies the arrangement of food at the time of religious congregation of Sikhs without their being given anything into return. The most important characteristic of this institution is to provide to the people in rows all the food material – cereals, milk, sugar, fruits and vegetables. MANJI SYSTEM: Sikh Sangat was unable to access the blessings of Guru. So guru divided Punjab into 22 sections i. e. 22 Manjis were established and a chief which was known as Manjidar was appointed.

MASAND SYSTEM: To meet the paucity of funds Guruji started Masand System and Masandis were appointed. They use to collect money from the Sikh followers and submit it to Guruji.

Chapter- VII Transformation of Sikhism (Compilation of Adi-Granth and Martyrdom of Guru Arjun Dev Ji)

COMPILATION OF ADI GRANTH The Adi Granth is the most sacred and the authentic book of the Sikhs. It is an important contribution by the fifth Guruji collectd the hyms of first three gurus which was in the Pothi Goindwal. Then he wrote his own banis and compiled it. The compilation was completed in 1604. � Guru Nanak had 674 Banis, Guru Angad has 62 Banis, Amardass ji had 907, Ramdass ji had 679, Arjun Dev had 2218. The Hindu saints like Namdev, Kabir, Trilochan, Parmananad, Dhanna, Ramananad, Surdas, Ravidas, Bheekhan, Satta, Mardana. �

MARTYRDOM OF GURU ARJUN DEV JI

�CAUSES OF MARTYRDOM: 1. Religious Bigotry of Jahangir. 2. State within State. 3. Opposition of Nakshbandis. 4. Conspiracies of Chandu Shah. 5. Compilation of Adi Granth 6. Opposition of Prithia. 7. Alleged help of Prince Khusro

GURU HARGOBIND NEW POLICY: MIRI PIRI

�Hargobind was the son of the fifth guru i. e. Guru Arjun Dev Causes for the policy: 1. Changing trends in the policy of the Mughal Government. 2. Martyrdom of Guru Arjun Dev. 3. Last message of Guruji 4. Increasing number of Sikh Sangat. 5. Imprisonment of Guru Hargobind. 6. Nature of Sikhism. 7. Desire of Sikhs to free themselves from the tyranny of Mughals.

FEATURES OF POLICY: 1. Wearing of Miri-Piri. 2. Adoption of Royal Symbols. 3. Guru directive to the Sikh Sangat. 4. Change in the daily routine of the Guru. 5. Construction of Akal Takht. 6. Fortification of Amritsar and Construction of Lohgarh. 7. Shelter to the malcontent and fugitives. 8. Encouraged meat-diet and hunting. 9. Congregational Prayers.

MARTYRDOM OF GURU TEG BAHADUR

CAUSES: 1. Religious fanaticism of Aurangzed. 2. Old bitterness between the Sikhs and the Mughals. 3. Impact of Naqsbandis on Aurrangzeb 4. Travels and increasing popularity of Guru Teg Bahadur. 5. Opposition of Ram Rai and Dhir Mal. 6. Prayer of Kashmiri-Pandits.

SIGNIFICANCE: 1. Strengthened the Tradition of Sacrifice. 2. Great resolve of Guru Gobind singh ji 3. Wave of Revenge in the Piunjab. 4. Creation of Khalsa. 5. Downfall of the Mughal Empire.

CREATION OF KHALSA

CAUSES: 1. Need for powerful organisation 2. Aurangzeb Religious Intolerance 3. Coward Hindus 4. Exploitation by the Masands 5. Protection of Dharma. 6. Opposition by the Hill Rajas 7. Impact on Sikh Jats.

PRINCIPLES: 1. 5 K’s (a) Kesh (b) Kangha (c) Kachha (d) Kirpan (e) Kara 2. Believe in oneness of god. 3. Only eat jhatka meat and forbiden to have Halal. 4. Greet everyone with waheguru ji ka Khalsa and Waheguru ji Fateh.

IMPORTANCE: 1. Birth of Martial Race 2. End of Caste discrimination 3. Separate Identity of Sikhism 4. Protection of Hinduism 5. Fulfilling the Mission of Nanak 6. Struggle against Hill Rajas 7. Abolition of Masand System

�Post Khalsa Activities of Guru Gobind Singh

�Pre-Khalsa Battles: 1. Battle of Bhangani 2. Battle of Nadaun Post-Khalsa Battle: 1. Battle of Anandpur 2. Battle of Nirmoh 3. Battle of Basauli 4. Second Battle of Anandpur 5. Battle of Chamkaur.