History and Approaches to Psychology 1 Psychology Chap

History and Approaches to Psychology

1. Psychology Chap 1 Sec 3 A History Of Psychology Gestalt Psychology 1920’s - While at the University of Frankfurt's Psychological Institute, this person began to work with two assistants named Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka. - The three men became lifelong colleagues and would go on to form the school of thought known as Gestalt psychology. - Gestalt says that learning is active and purposeful and Disagrees with structuralism and behaviorist ideas of learning - Gestalt meaning shape or form, is based on the idea that Perceptions are more than the sums of their parts. Rather, They are wholes that give shape, or meaning, to the parts. • was born on April 15, 1880. • This Person died -This Person is known for his book, Productive Thinking, on October 12, and for conceiving the phi phenomenon as part of his work in Gestalt psychology. 1943.

2. History of Psychology • ; April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist who was best known for creating a hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization. • This Person was a psychology professor at Brandeis University, Brooklyn College, New School for Social Research and Columbia University. • This person stressed the importance of focusing on the positive qualities in people, as opposed to treating them as a "bag of symptoms

3. Psychology Chap 1 Sec 3 A History Of Psychology Behaviorism was an American Psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism. defined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior. 1878 – 1958 was asked to consider the behavior of a trained response. conducted research on animal behavior, child rearing, and advertising.

4. Psychology Chap 1 Sec 3 A History Of Psychology 1879 can be pointed as a beginning of psychology as a laboratory science by this person This person is considered the father of psychology This person and his students formed a field of psychology called Structuralism, which was broken down into two categories: 1. Objective Sensation – Such as sight and taste, were assumed to accurately reflect the outside world. 2. Subjective Feelings – were thought to include emotional responses and mental images.

5. Psychology Chap 1 Sec 3 A History Of Psychology This person and Reinforcement 1904 – 1990 Harvard University Psychologist added to behavior by stating that reinforcement was part of how we come to doing certain task. This Person: was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. This person developed a philosophy of science that he called radical behaviorism, and founded a school of experimental research psychology —the experimental analysis of behavior.

6. Psychology Chap 1 Sec 3 A History Of Psychology This person and Functionalism 1842 -1910 A Harvard University professor and the 1 st American Psychologist. Functionalism believes that there is a purpose or function for why we do things. 1890 wrote a book called “The Principles of Psychology, ” which is still today considered the 1 st modern psychology textbook. Adaptive behaviors that are successfully repeated and become habits.

7. Psychology Chap 1 Sec 3 A History Of Psychology This person and the School of Psychoanalysis 1856 – 1939 Viennese physician, was perhaps the most famous of the early psychologists. Founded the school of psychoanalysis, which emphasizes the Importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts in Determining human behavior. Became the first psychologist to conduct research outside a laboratory setting. Believed people hold their own answers to the Problems they experience in the unconscious process. Ex. Our unconscious is the way we really feel or want to express our self.

8. Psychology Chap 1 Sec 3 A History Of Psychology Gestalt Psychology 1920’s Continued Gestalt Psychology was Formed by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and this person. - This person worked in the Canary Islands for six years, during which he wrote a book on problem solving titled The Mentality of Apes (1917). This person used apes to validate his theory that problem solving is used by several forms of species including humans. This person wanted to use test on assessing how far mentally healthy and mentally-ill children could go in particular situations.

9. Psychology - This person (Russian: 14 September] 1849 – 27 February 1936) was a Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning. - Inspired by the progressive ideas which D. I. Pisarev, the most eminent of the Russian literary critics of the 1860 s, and I. M. Sechenov, the father of Russian physiology - This person devoted their life to the study of physiology and sciences, making several remarkable discoveries and ideas that were passed on from generation to generation. - This Person's principles of classical conditioning have been found to operate across a variety of experimental and clinical settings, including educational classrooms.

10. Psychology • Student of William James at Harvard • Her male classmates refused to stay in any classes with her and walked out! • Harvard refused to give her a degree when she was done! • Focused on the area of Behaviorism • Became first female president of the A. P. A in 1905

11. Psychology • First woman to gain a Ph. D. in psychology • Studied animal behavior • Wrote “The Animal Mind”, which helped begin the Behaviorist movement • President of the A. P. A in 1921

12. Psychology Chap 1 Sec 3 A History Of Psychology Gestalt Psychology 1920’s Continued - Gestalt Psychology was Formed by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler and this person. - believed that most of early learning is what this person referred to as, "sensorimotor learning, " - During the First World War, this person worked for the Military in a position that later lead him to a Professorship in Experimental psychology. This person (March 18, 1886 – November 22, - This person notes that an important time in children's 1941) was a development is when they understand that objects have German psycho- names. logist.

William James (Father of American Psychology) • Consciousness is personal/selective, continuous (can’t be ‘cut up’ for analysis), and constantly changing • Structuralism was foolish to search for common elements to all minds • The nose is structured to smell, but why do we need The nose to smell? ? What’s its function?