History Alive Governments and Athens Sparta Monarchy Under

History Alive Governments and Athens / Sparta

Monarchy • Under a monarchy, the power to make political decisions is in the hands of the King or Queen • Kings elected ---- Dynasties • Make laws / levy taxes --- Provide Protection • Due to wars, kings could not provide protection --- small groups of people took over

Oligarchy • A few people --- wealthy landowners (Aristocracy) Rich got richer – Poor got poorer Rich looked out for each other (laws favored rich) Poor turned to others who controlled the army for leadership

Tyranny • • • A tyrant or unlawful ruler Has the support or control of the military Some become cruel or harsh Solon – outlawed debt slavery Draco – Very strict laws and punishments most often punishment was death “Draconian Law”

Democracy • • • People (citizens – free adult males) All citizens share power – allowed to vote Direct vs. Indirect (Representative) Direct – all citizens vote on all issues Indirect – we vote for representatives “idiot” – one who has the right to vote but does not

Why was Athens Called a Democracy? • • • Citizens – all free males over 18 Could vote Council of 500 Assembly (larger) Direct Democracy

How did Athenians get the goods they needed for everyday life • Marketplace called the agora • Developed its own coins

How did Athenians train the minds and bodies of boys • Boys and girls educated differently • Boys – book learning and physical training gymnastics and wrestling some had private teachers reading, writing, math, lit. Girls – cook, clean, spin thread, weave cloth

How were women and slaves treated in Athens – Women • • • Could not inherit or own property Could not vote Most took care of the home (raised kids) Never went out alone Supervised slaves – Slaves • Performed many jobs • Taught children • Many had skilled jobs

Why was Sparta called an Oligarchy? • • 30 people ruled 2 kings Other 28 were elected Council of Elders – real power – At least 60 years old

How did Spartans get the goods they needed for everyday life? • • Took land by force Some fertile land Slaves (Helots) produced goods Got slaves by conquering others • Equals, Half Citizens, Helots (slaves)

How did Spartans train boys and girls so they could protect the city-state? • • Start at 7 Let sick kids die Retirement at age 60 Discipline and strength – Be tough or else

How were women and slaves treated in Sparta? – Women • • Strong, healthy, ready to fight Took care of property in war Protect Sparta Had some rights (property / remarry) - Slave - Set free if they fought Treated poorly, often killed Some rights Helots (80% of Sparta)