Historical Concepts Review and Intro Why Study History

Historical Concepts Review and Intro

Why Study History? n History. . . n n n n -provides an understanding of today’s issues and where they derived -develops skills like: problem solving, cause and effect, deductive reasoning -explains the top religions of the world -sets the foundation of world-wide governments -demonstrates the decline of monarchies and the shift to democracies -reveals why you are in this classroom, learning, right now -establishes why we do (or don’t do) certain things -determines your future

Creating Good Notes and Study Habits n 1. Listen for things that may be important. n Ex: vocab words, important people or events n 2. Highlight or write down anything that fits those categories n 3. Every day, glance at the notes from previous class periods n 4. When studying for a unit test, make note cards that have the important words, people, or events on one side and the proper description on the other side (flash cards). n 5. When your teacher asks questions, it usually has to do with something he/she wants you to remember. Pay special attention to those questions. Try finding the answers within your notes (most likely it’ll be there). n 6. When the unit consists of several people and events, try forming a time line. Visuals are great study aides. Or you can always make a form like below:

Notecard Idea Event: _______ Who was involved: __________________ Where did it happen: _________________ What happened: ___________________ Why is it important __________________ How did it happen (cause): _______________ When did it happen: __________________

Maps We’ll be working with lots of different maps this year n Keep track of this ONE map for the entire semester, we’ll be looking at it A LOT!!! n Europe has changed it’s borders numerous times n n It’s still there, it is relevant, and it effects you today n Why maps?

Europe

Ancient History n It happened, it was a long time ago, we still refer back to people and events from BC periods! n We will not be going over this time period; however, we still use some of the lingo!

Historical Lingo n n Prehistory: before writing Artifacts: items from a particular time period Primary Source: from the time period (diary) Secondary Source: not from the time period (textbook) n n Pause for lesson Nomads: people who roam from place to place n 2 events that caused Nomads to end migration and create villages: n n A. agricultural revolution B. domestication of animals “Food is the driving force of history”

Historical Lingo n n n n n Polytheism: belief in many gods Monotheism: belief in one God Empire: a group of states or territories controlled by one ruler Dynasty: ruling family Monarchy: one King or Queen Oligarchy: a small group of leaders Dictatorship: one absolute leader Direct Democracy: gov’t by the people in everyday affairs Republic: large majority of people rule (not everyday affairs) Cultural Diffusion: spreading of ideas

Churchy Stuff n n n Believe it or not, it is OKAY to talk about religion…we kind of have to! I cannot tell you what to believe; however, I can inform you about various religions. We will be talking about 3 religions: n n Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Why these 3? n n n Still relevant today driving forces of conflict, resolution, and change throughout history First semester is really about who has the power: n King v Pope

Christianity-Catholicism n n Christianity used to be JUST the Catholic church *Hierarchy: levels of achievement n n God Pope Arch Bishop Priest Community *Heresy: going against traditional church teachings Split in Christianity in the 1500 s Today Christianity includes Catholics and Protestants (Non-Catholics: Methodist, Baptist, Lutheran, Presbyterian, Pentecostal, etc. )

Christianity: Basic Beliefs n Besides legalistic “stuff” (various beliefs) there a few common ties: Bible (both old and new testament) n Jesus as savior—accept this to go to heaven n Heaven and Hell n Being a good, moral person n Community service--volunteering n

Christian Stuff n n n n n Major Holidays: Easter and Christmas Symbol: cross Book: Bible House of Worship: Church Holy day: Sunday Holy Land: Jerusalem, Israel Diet: Anything (no limits) Founder: God/Jesus Leader: preacher/minister/priest Followers: Christians (used to be a derogatory name)

Spread of Christianity circa 500 AD

Judaism First Monotheistic religion n One of the oldest religions still around today n Various sectors: orthodox, progressive, radical, etc. n Still highly targeted from around the world n

Jewish Stuff n n n n n Major Holidays: Hanukah, Yom Kippur Symbol: Star of David Book: Torah, Talmud, Old Testament only House of Worship: Synagogue Holy day: Friday sundown to Saturday sundown Holy Land: Jerusalem, Israel Diet: Kosher diet (no pork, blessed by Rabbi, etc) Founder: God Prophets: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob Leader: Rabbi Followers: Jews (also referred to as the “chosen ones”)

Spread of Judaism

Short History of Hatred Against the Jews n n n n 175 -163 BC: King of Syria outlaws Judaism, the Sabbath, and circumcision among other things; “Jews were the reason his people apposed his policies” 164 -163 BC: Jerusalem captured 72 AD expelled from Palestine 1096: 12, 000 Jews killed in first crusade 1215: Pope Innocent III: Jews were forced to wear a yellow circle “Jews are doomed to wonder the earth as fugitives and vagabonds and their faces must be covered with shame” 1290: King Edward expelled Jews from England 1306: Jews kicked out of France 1349 -1360: Jews kicked out of Hungary 1421: Jews kicked out of Austria 1492: 200, 000 Jews expelled from Spain, “taint newly converted Christians” 1445 -1495: Lithuania expelled Jews 1497: Jews expelled from Portugal; No Jews permitted in Russia for 200 years

Short History of Hatred Against the Jews n n n n 1543: Martin Luther coined phrase “Jews and their lies” promoted violence against Jews including burning synagogues, destroying homes, confiscating holy books and property, forcing physical labor, and expulsion -Hitler called him a great reformer -Hitler used Luther's ideas to legitimize his own views -Lutheran church later renounced Luther's views against the Jews 1555 -Jews in Italy forced into ghettos, forced to wear yellow hats outside of ghettos 1648 - 100, 000 killed in Ukraine 1772 - Jews readmitted to Russia after 200 year ban 1925 - Mien Kampf 1933: Nazi party comes to power in Germany 1935: Nuremberg Laws introduced 1938: 1500 Business destroyed in Kristallnacht 1939 - the St. Louis not allowed entry into the U. S with Jewish refugees 1941: 33, 000 killed in Ukraine 1939 -45 - 67% of all European Jews killed in the Holocaust

Islam Third oldest monotheistic religion; founded circa 700 n Spread rapidly n Include orthodox, progressive, and radical n Two groups: Shi’a*(10%) & Sunni (90%) n

Islam Stuff n n n n n Major Holidays: Ramadan Symbol: Crescent moon & Star Book: Koran (Quran) House of Worship: Mosque Holy day: Everyday for Prayers or Friday for Mosque Holy Land: Jerusalem, Israel Diet: Kosher diet (similar to Jewish restrictions) Founder: God Prophets: Muhammad Leader: Caliph/Imam/Khateeb Followers: Muslims

Spread of Islam

Religions Today