Histology The study of tissues Tissue A group

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Histology The study of tissues

Histology The study of tissues

Tissue A group of similar cells working together to perform a common function.

Tissue A group of similar cells working together to perform a common function.

4 Types of Tissues Epithelial n Connective n Muscle n Nervous n

4 Types of Tissues Epithelial n Connective n Muscle n Nervous n

Epithelial Tissue Covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

Epithelial Tissue Covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue n n Composed of closely packed cells with specialized points

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue n n Composed of closely packed cells with specialized points of attachment Have a free surface and attached to a basement membrane n n n Avascular but innervated Rapid cell division Specialized to form glands

Functions of Epithelial Tissue n n n Protection Absorption Secretion n Filtration Excretion Sensory

Functions of Epithelial Tissue n n n Protection Absorption Secretion n Filtration Excretion Sensory

Classification of Epithelial Tissue Cell Shape: Squamous – flattened cells Cuboidal- boxes Columnar-tall Cell

Classification of Epithelial Tissue Cell Shape: Squamous – flattened cells Cuboidal- boxes Columnar-tall Cell Arrangement: Simple – single layers Stratified – multiple layers

Examples of Epithelial Tissue

Examples of Epithelial Tissue

Simple Squamous Epithelium (Alveoli of lungs & linings of Blood vessels) n n

Simple Squamous Epithelium (Alveoli of lungs & linings of Blood vessels) n n

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (Kidney tubules) n A. B. Cuboidal cells Nucleus of cell

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (Kidney tubules) n A. B. Cuboidal cells Nucleus of cell

Simple Columnar Epithelium (Digestive Tract) n A. B. C. Columnar cells Nucleus Cell membrane

Simple Columnar Epithelium (Digestive Tract) n A. B. C. Columnar cells Nucleus Cell membrane

Pseudostratified Epithelium (Trachea) n A. B. C. Basement membrane Cilia Nucleus

Pseudostratified Epithelium (Trachea) n A. B. C. Basement membrane Cilia Nucleus

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Lining of mouth) n A. B. Layers of epithelium Surface cells

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Lining of mouth) n A. B. Layers of epithelium Surface cells

Stratified Squamous Epithelial (Human Cheek Cells) A. B. C. Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell Membrane

Stratified Squamous Epithelial (Human Cheek Cells) A. B. C. Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell Membrane

Transitional Epithelium (Urinary bladder) n A. B. Surface cells Attached cells Specialized for stretching

Transitional Epithelium (Urinary bladder) n A. B. Surface cells Attached cells Specialized for stretching

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue Found everywhere in the body; most abundant and widely distributed of all

Connective Tissue Found everywhere in the body; most abundant and widely distributed of all the tissues.

Characteristics of Connective Tissue n Cells widely separated by an extracellular matrix n Varying

Characteristics of Connective Tissue n Cells widely separated by an extracellular matrix n Varying degrees of vascularization

Functions of Connective Tissue Binding and support n Protection n Insulation n Transportation n

Functions of Connective Tissue Binding and support n Protection n Insulation n Transportation n

Structural Elements n Ground Substance – unstructured material that fills the space between the

Structural Elements n Ground Substance – unstructured material that fills the space between the cells n n Cells Fibers n n n Collagen fibers Elastic fibers Reticular fibers

Examples of Connective Tissue

Examples of Connective Tissue

Areolar Connective Tissue (beneath the skin) n A. B. C. Fibroblasts Collagen fibers Elastic

Areolar Connective Tissue (beneath the skin) n A. B. C. Fibroblasts Collagen fibers Elastic fibers

Reticular Tissue (Spleen, liver, lymph nodes) n A. Reticular fibers

Reticular Tissue (Spleen, liver, lymph nodes) n A. Reticular fibers

Adipose Tissue (Fat) n A. B. Nucleus of fat cell Fat droplet

Adipose Tissue (Fat) n A. B. Nucleus of fat cell Fat droplet

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue (Tendons) n A. B. Fibroblasts Collagenous fibers

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue (Tendons) n A. B. Fibroblasts Collagenous fibers

Hyaline Cartilage (Ends of bones, trachea, larynx) n A. B. C. Chrondrocyte Matrix Lacuna

Hyaline Cartilage (Ends of bones, trachea, larynx) n A. B. C. Chrondrocyte Matrix Lacuna

Bone n A. B. C. D. Central Canal Lamellae Osteocyte in lacuna Canaliculi

Bone n A. B. C. D. Central Canal Lamellae Osteocyte in lacuna Canaliculi

Blood n Leucocytes (White Blood Cells) Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) Sickle Cells

Blood n Leucocytes (White Blood Cells) Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) Sickle Cells

Muscle Tissue Responsible for body movements

Muscle Tissue Responsible for body movements

Classification n Location n Skeletal Cardiac Visceral n Appearance n n n Smooth Striated

Classification n Location n Skeletal Cardiac Visceral n Appearance n n n Smooth Striated Action n n Voluntary Involuntary

Skeletal Muscle: Attached to bones for movement n n n A. B. AKA: Muscle

Skeletal Muscle: Attached to bones for movement n n n A. B. AKA: Muscle fibers Long, blunt, cylindrical Multinucleated Striated Voluntary Width of cell Nucleus

Cardiac Muscle: Found in heart n n n A. B. Involuntary Mononucleate Branched Striated

Cardiac Muscle: Found in heart n n n A. B. Involuntary Mononucleate Branched Striated Intercalated discs Nucleus

Visceral/Smooth Muscle: Found in walls of hollow organs n n n Involuntary Spindle-shaped Mononucleate

Visceral/Smooth Muscle: Found in walls of hollow organs n n n Involuntary Spindle-shaped Mononucleate No visible striations B. Nucleus

Nervous Tissue Regulates and controls body functions

Nervous Tissue Regulates and controls body functions

2 Major Cell Types Neurons Generate and conduct nerve impulses Functional cells of the

2 Major Cell Types Neurons Generate and conduct nerve impulses Functional cells of the nervous system Supporting Cells Nonconducting Support, protect and insulate neurons Neuroglia

Parts of Neuron n n Cell Body Dendrite n n Receives information from sensory

Parts of Neuron n n Cell Body Dendrite n n Receives information from sensory receptors Axon n Carries impulses away from cell body to target structure

Neurons & Neuroglia n A. B. Cell Body Cell Process (axon or dendrite) Neuroglia

Neurons & Neuroglia n A. B. Cell Body Cell Process (axon or dendrite) Neuroglia (small dark dots)

Neuromuscular Junction n A. B. C. Axon Motor end plates Skeletal cell

Neuromuscular Junction n A. B. C. Axon Motor end plates Skeletal cell