Histology of Chronic Inflammation Robbins Basic Pathology 2

Histology of Chronic Inflammation Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2 -20 7 th Ed.

Maturation of Monocytes into Macrophages Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2 -21

Macrophage/Lymphocyte Stimulation Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2 -22

Responses to Injury Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 3 -16 7 th Ed

Phases of Wound Healing Robbins’ Basic Pathology 3 -14

Cellular Adaptation to Injury • • Atrophy Hyperplasia Metaplasia

Atrophy Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1 -4

Hypertrophy (increase in cell size) • Uterus during pregnancy Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1 -3

Hyperplasia (increase in cell number) • Thyroid Adenoma Robbins’ Pathologic Basis for Disease 8 -6

Reversible vs. Irreversible Cell Injury • Reversible – Loss of ATP= cell swelling – glycolysis=lactic acid= decreased p. H – decreased protein production • Irreversible – plasma membrane damage – Damaged mitochondria – damage lysosomes Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1 -19 7 th Ed.

Transition from Reversible to Irreversible Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1 -6 7 th Ed.

Necrosis vs. Apoptosis Necrosis Chromatin clumping Organelle swelling Membrane Damage Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1 -6

Necrosis vs. Apoptosis Chromatin condensation and fragmentation. Cytoplasmic budding. Phagocytosis of extruded apoptotic bodies. Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1 -12

Apoptosis 1. Stimulus of apoptosis. (Death ligands, lack of growth factors or hormones, Injury). 2. Regulatory cytoplasmic proteins. (BCL-2 family) (Some promote some inhibit apoptosis) 3. Execution caspases. (Activate endonucleases and proteinases). 4. Formation of Apoptotic Bodies. (contain organelles and cytosolic components). Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1 -23

A Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1 -25 7 th Ed. N

Next Time • Introduction to the immune system • Readings: Abbas & Lichtman, Chapter 1

Objectives 1. Describe the pathophysiology of acute inflammation. 1. Chronology, vascular changes, cellular events, histology, resolution. 2. Differences from chronic inflammation 2. Describe the response and the cellular adaptations to injury. 1. Phases of wound healing 2. Atrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia 3. Describe the differences between reversible and irreversible injury. 4. Describe the differences between apoptosis and necrosis.