His life Dean of contemporary Arabic literature and

His life Dean of contemporary Arabic literature and a pioneer of enlightenment, Taha Hussein was born in AI-Minya Dean of contemporary Arabic literature and a pioneer of province, Upper Egypt, on November 14 th, 1889 and enlightenment, Taha Hussein was born in AI-Minya grew up, the seventh of thirteen children, in a lower province, Upper Egypt, on November 14 th, 1889 and grew middle-class family. At a very early age, he contracted up, the seventh of thirteen children, in a lower middle-class a simple eye infection and, due to faulty treatment by family. At a very early age, he contracted a simple eye an unskilled local practitioner, was blinded, at the age of infection and, due to faulty treatment by an unskilled local three practitioner, was blinded, at the age of three.

His thought His Thought • Taha Hussein was an Egyptian renaissance intellectual and a Taha Hussein was an Egyptian renaissance proponent of the ideology of Pharaonism, believing that Egyptian intellectual and a proponent of the ideology and Arab/Eastern civilizations were diametrically opposed, and of Pharaonism, believing that Egyptian and stressing that Egypt would only progress by reclaiming its ancient Arab/Eastern civilizations were diametrically roots. opposed, and stressing that Egypt would only • He was a strong proponent of enlightenment, respect for reason, progress by reclaiming its ancient roots. and women’s emancipation, and he insisted that education He was a strong proponent of enlightenment, remained free, claiming that it was a basic right for every human respect for reason, and women’s being, announcing "knowledge is like water and air. " He became emancipation Minister of Education in 1950, and the new government He wrote many novels and essays, though in subsequently made primary education ex gratia, which is still in the West he is best known for his effect today. autobiography, El-Ayyam which was • He wrote many novels and essays, though in the West he is best published in English as An Egyptian known for his autobiography, El-Ayyam which was published in Childhood(1932) and The Stream of English as An Egyptian Childhood(1932) and The Stream of Days (1943).

Works • His literary works can be divided into 3 categories: • · Studies of Arabic and Islamic literature and culture. · Studies of Arabic and Islamic literature and • · Fictional literary works centered on social commentary attacking poverty and ignorance. culture. · Fictional literary works centered on social • · Political articles published in the two journals of which he was editorcommentary attacking poverty and ignorance. in-chief. · Political articles published in the two • Among his most prominent works are: journals of which he was editor-in-chief. • · Wednesday talk : a collection of essays on literary criticism • · On Pre-islamic poetry. Among his most prominent works are: talk : a collection of essays on • ·The Sufferers: Stories· Wednesday and Polemics literary criticism • ·A Man of Letters, a novel ﺃﺪﻳﺐ · On Pre-islamic poetry • ·The Days (3 -Part Autobiography) ·The Sufferers: Stories and Polemics • ·An Egyptian Childhood ·A Man of Letters, a novel. • · The Future of Culture ·The in Egypt Days (3 -Part Autobiography) ·An Egyptian Childhood

culture Culture Fictional literary works centered on social • on social commentary attacking poverty and ignorance; and Political articles published in the two journals of Political articles published in the which he was editor-in-chief. two journals of which he was editor-in-chief

Academic career Academic Career • When the secular Cairo University was founded in 1908, he When the secular Cairo University was founded in 1908, was keen to enter, and despite being blind and poor he he was keen to enter, and despite being blind and poor earned a place. In 1914, he became the first graduate to he earned a place. In 1914, he became the first graduate receive a Ph. D. , with a thesis on the skeptic poet and to receive a Ph. D. , with a thesis on the skeptic poet and philosopher Abu-Alala' Al-Ma'ari. He went on to become a philosopher Abu-Alala' Al-Ma'ari. He went on to become professor of Arabic literature there. a professor of Arabic literature there. • He met Suzane, his wife, while studying in France, where he He met Suzane, his wife, while studying in France, where obtained a B. A. from. University of Montpellier and a second he obtained a B. A. from. University of Montpellier and a second Ph. D from the Sorbonne in 1917, with a thesis on the 14 th century historian Ibn Khaldun. She read to him as not all of his references were available in Braille. After Taha died in October, 1973, she published Ma'ak (With You), which chronicled their life together. Before his death, he was awarded the United Nations Human Rights Award

Positions And Tasks Positions and tasks Dr. Taha Hussein was appointed in many positions including working as a professor of history, Greek Dr. Taha Hussein was appointed in many positions including • and Roman literature in Cairo University following working as a professor of history, Greek and Roman literature in his return from France. He worked as a professor of Cairo University following his return from France. He worked as a Arabic literature in the Faculty of Arts. In 1930, He professor of Arabic literature in the Faculty of Arts. In 1930, He was dismissed from the university following the in 1926 publication of his controversial book "On Pre-Islamic Poetry" or " On The poetry of the period of ignorance" , but the American University in Cairo appointed him and in 1942 he became an adviser to the Minister of Education and a director of the University of Alexandria until he retired on October 16, 1944. In University of Alexandria until he retired on October 1950, he became a Minister of Knowledge (Ministry of Education 16, 1944. In 1950, he became a Minister of nowadays) where he led a call for free education and the right of Knowledge (Ministry of Education nowadays) everyone to get educated. Additionally, he was an advocate where he led a call for free education and the right against the confinement of education to the rich people only. of everyone to get educated. Additionally, he was an advocate against the confinement of education to the rich people only

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Name : Noor Hussein Awadallah grade Hussein Awadallah Name 10: Noor th English class th grade 10 Teacher : Saja Halaseh English class Teacher : Saja Halaseh