HIROSHIMA NAGASAKI ATOMIC BOMB Manhattan Project WWII Germans

HIROSHIMA NAGASAKI ATOMIC BOMB

Manhattan Project • WWII, Germans spend a lot on weapon research. • In 1942, the USA sets up the Manhattan Project. • “Manhattan Project” was the code name for the creation of an atom bomb. The “Gadget” – before the trinity test. • $2 billion was spent and 600, 000 people were employed.

Potsdam Conference • The July 26 Potsdam Declaration outlined the terms of surrender for Japan. It was presented as an ultimatum and stated that without a surrender, the Allies would attack Japan, resulting in "the inevitable and complete destruction of the Japanese armed forces and just as inevitably the utter devastation of the Japanese homeland". • After six months of intense strategic fire-bombing of 67 Japanese cities the Japanese government ignored an ultimatum given by the Potsdam Declaration.

"Little Boy" • August 6, 1945: The first atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, at 8: 15 a. m. • Nicknamed "Little Boy, " the bomb is released from the Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber piloted by Brig. Gen. Paul Tibbets. • It explodes 2, 000 feet above ground, killing approximately 80, 000 people instantly.

“The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. That was because we wished in this first attack to avoid, insofar as possible, the killing of civilians. ” — Harry S. Truman, in a speech from the White House, Aug 9, 1945.

“Little Boy” dropped on Hiroshima

A victim of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, she suffered severe burns; the pattern on her skin is from the kimono she was wearing at the time of the bombing.

A deadly burnt Hiroshima victim This young man was on an island 3000 meters from the hypocenter the moment of the explosion.

"Fat Man" • August 9, 1945: An atomic bomb is dropped over Nagasaki, Japan • It explodes 1, 540 feet above the ground. • The original target for the bomb, nicknamed "Fat Man, " is Kokura, Japan but due to cloud cover, the bomb is instead detonated over Nagasaki, the alternate location. • It is estimated that 75, 000 people are killed immediately.

“Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki

Landing after the dropping the bomb Hiroshima bomb crew Nagasaki bomb crew

Nagasaki before and after bombing

VICTIMS AND DESTRUCTION

Atomic Bomb by the Numbers 140, 000 - Number of people in Hiroshima killed instantly or within months. 237, 062 - Approximate number of dead due to aftereffects, including radiation poisoning and cancer. 80, 000 - Number of people estimated to have died in Nagasaki.

A Man Survives both Bombs Tsutomu Yamaguchi A resident of Nagasaki, was in Hiroshima on business for his employer Mitsubishi when the city was bombed on 6 August 1945. Yamaguchi recalls seeing the bomber and two small parachutes, before there was "a great flash in the sky, and I was blown over" He was 3 km away from the epicenter. The explosion ruptured his eardrums, blinded him temporarily, and left him with serious burns over the left side of the top half of his body.

A Man Survives both Bombs After recovering he crawled to a shelter, and having rested he set out to find his colleagues. They had also survived and together they spent the night in an air -raid shelter before returning to Nagasaki the following day. In Nagasaki he received treatment for his wounds and, despite being heavily bandaged, he reported for work on 9 August.

A Man Survives both Bombs At 11 am on August 9, Yamaguchi was describing the blast in Hiroshima to his supervisor, when the American bomber Bocks Car dropped the Fat Man atomic bomb onto Nagasaki. His workplace again put him 3 km from ground zero, but this time he was unhurt by the explosion. However, he was unable to seek treatment for his now ruined bandages, and suffered from a high fever for over a week. Yamaguchi lived until age 91, and died January 2010

More Atomic Bombs to come… • The next atom bomb was to be ready to be dropped on Japan on the first suitable weather day after August 17 th of 18 th with three more in September and three in October. • The Japanese did not agree to full surrender until after the Soviet Union declared war against Japan August 9 th.

Soviet-Japanese War • The Soviet-Japanese War began on August 9, 1945, with the Soviet invasion of Japanese held Manchuria, along with Manchukuo, Mengjiang, northern Korea, southern Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands. The rapid defeat of Japan's Kwantun Army was a significant factor in the Japanese surrender and the termination of World War II.

Emperor Hirohito’s surrender • “Moreover, the enemy now possesses a new and terrible weapon with the power to destroy many innocent lives and do incalculable damage. Should we continue to fight, not only would it result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization. Such being the case, how are We to save the millions of Our subjects, or to atone Ourselves before the hallowed spirits of Our Imperial Ancestors? This is the reason why We have ordered the acceptance of the provisions of the Joint Declaration of the Powers. ”

Douglas Mac. Arthur signs the formal surrender of Japanese forces on the USS Missouri, September 2, 1945 Foreign Minister Shigemitsu signs Japanese surrender