Hiroshima and Nagasaki U S S Indianapolis Delivered

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

U. S. S. Indianapolis • Delivered components of the Atomic Bomb to the island of Tinian • Sank by Japanese sub. • 1, 196 men on board • 900 men left • 4 days in the water • 316 survived

The Manhattan Project • J. Robert Oppenheimer – creator • 1 st successful test done in New Mexico July 16, 1945 • Blast visible 180 miles away

• Pros: A-Bomb Debate - Only way to make Japan surrender - Need to justify the cost of building the bomb and man hours spent working. – It would end the war and save countless U. S. military lives – Give U. S. more power in rebuilding Europe • Mounting tensions w/Russia • Cons: – Demonstration could be a dud • Japanese might shoot down test plane • Might put POW’s in testing are – Stage a demonstration – Would kill thousands of Japanese civilians – Would be immoral to drop the bomb w/o prior warning

Little Boy • Enola Gay dropped “Little Boy” on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 • 4. 5 tons • 1 min. : 66, 000 killed / 69, 000 killed • 43 seconds – the city did not exist • Bombs only used 1/10 th of 1% of their respective explosive cababilities. • Japan still did not surrender • Leukemia in children born post WWII.

Fat Man • 3 days after “Little Boy” was dropped, “Fat Man” was dropped on Nagasaki – 39, 000 killed instantly – By the end of the year, 200, 000 had died of injuries and/or radiation

Effects of the Bombs

Keloids

Effects of the Bombs

The Yalta Conference: February 4, 1945 • Discussion between Churchill, FDR & Stalin of postwar Europe / Germany • Germany divided into 4 zones each controlled by an Allied country • Stalin promised free elections & Russian participation in the U. N.

The Nuremburg War Trials • International tribunal of 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals – Hitler’s most trusted officials • 22 Nazis tried first – 12 were put to death or imprisoned • Crimes against peace • War crimes • Crimes against humanity • 1 st time in history a nation’s leaders were held legally responsible for their actions

Occupation of Japan • Occupied by Gen. Mac. Arthur • 1, 100 Japanese officials (including Tojo) were put on trial – 7 put to death • Occupied for 6 years • Mac. Arthur’s Reforms: – Free market economy – New Constitution • Women’s suffrage • Basic freedoms • Japanese Constitution still called the “Mac. Arthur Const. ”