Hip Pelvis Notes PELVIS Made up of 2

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Hip & Pelvis Notes

Hip & Pelvis Notes

PELVIS § Made up of 2 innominate bones making up 3 areas § Ilium

PELVIS § Made up of 2 innominate bones making up 3 areas § Ilium § Ischium § Pubis

ACETABULUM § Accepts the femoral head – 75% of head is always in the

ACETABULUM § Accepts the femoral head – 75% of head is always in the socket § The joint is considered a ball and socket joint § The joint is very stable; but not very mobile

§ Labrum – fibrocartilage that deepens the articular area on the acetabulum – like

§ Labrum – fibrocartilage that deepens the articular area on the acetabulum – like adding a washer to a nut and bolt – it adds congruency § When walking, most force is on the superior aspect because the femur hit it more causing more stress to the labrum and acetabulum

FEMUR § Longest and strongest bone in the body § Almost completely covered by

FEMUR § Longest and strongest bone in the body § Almost completely covered by muscle § 4 components of the proximal femur § Greater trochanter § Lesser trochanter § Femoral head – in acetabulum § Femoral neck – most commonly fractured

§ Greater trochanter § § § Palpable at lateral buttock Reinforced knob of bone

§ Greater trochanter § § § Palpable at lateral buttock Reinforced knob of bone Attachment site for muscles that abduct (move out) and externally rotate § Lesser trochanter § Distal attachment for iliopsoas § Femoral head § Femur tapers and thickens medially into a spherical head § Covered by articular cartilage except medial – attachment for ligamentum teres § Femoral neck § Angle of inclination – 125 degrees is normal § Shape of the neck creates an overhang system

PUBIC SYMPHYSIS § Pelvic bones articulate anteriorly at this relatively immobile joint § Small

PUBIC SYMPHYSIS § Pelvic bones articulate anteriorly at this relatively immobile joint § Small degree of spreading, compression, and rotation § Bones are separated by fibrocartilaginous disc

SACROILIAC JOINT (SI JOINT) § Each illium articulates with sacrum § Very sturdy with

SACROILIAC JOINT (SI JOINT) § Each illium articulates with sacrum § Very sturdy with limited ROM § Strong ligaments bind the sacrum to the pelvis § SI joints are located at the triangle part of thong underwear

INGUINAL LIGAMENT § From ASIS to Pubic symphysis § Palpated along underwear line in

INGUINAL LIGAMENT § From ASIS to Pubic symphysis § Palpated along underwear line in groin

FEMORAL TRIANGLE § The femoral pulse is located within the triangle § 3 sided

FEMORAL TRIANGLE § The femoral pulse is located within the triangle § 3 sided § Superiorly (top) – inguinal ligament § Laterally (outside) – Sartorius muscle § Medially (inside) – Adductor Longus Muscle

ARTHROLOGY (study of the joint) § The hip joint is surrounded by a large

ARTHROLOGY (study of the joint) § The hip joint is surrounded by a large and complex joint capsule § Superiorly & anteriorly, the capsule is thickest – corresponds to the areas of greatest force § 3 ligaments § Iliofemoral (resist excessive internal rotation and flexion; main stabilizer) § Pubofemoral § Ischiofemoral

*****this chart is worth 36 points on your unit test! KNOW IT****** MOTION ROM

*****this chart is worth 36 points on your unit test! KNOW IT****** MOTION ROM PRIME MOVER Hip Flexion 0 -120 Rectus Femoris Sartoris Illiopsoas Hip Extension 0 -30 Gluteus Maximus Hamstring Hip Abduction 0 -45 Gluteus Medius Hip Adduction 0 -15/20 Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracillis Hip Internal Rotation 0 -45 Gluteus Minimus Hip External Rotation 0 -45 Gluteus Maximus

Palpation

Palpation

ASIS – where your pants should sit; most prominent bump on anterior side

ASIS – where your pants should sit; most prominent bump on anterior side

Iliac Crest – superior to ASIS; sides of hips

Iliac Crest – superior to ASIS; sides of hips

Iliac Tubercle – widest part of iliac crest; superior to ASIS

Iliac Tubercle – widest part of iliac crest; superior to ASIS

Greater Trochanter – lie on side and it is the “bump” on the outside

Greater Trochanter – lie on side and it is the “bump” on the outside of the hip

Pubic Tubercle – front of pubic region

Pubic Tubercle – front of pubic region

PSIS – dimples in your low back; below L 5 vertebrae; lateral to sacrum

PSIS – dimples in your low back; below L 5 vertebrae; lateral to sacrum

SI joint – step off medially from PSIS; triangle of thong above butt crack

SI joint – step off medially from PSIS; triangle of thong above butt crack

Ischial tuberosity – “butt bones”; “sitting bones”; go inferior from greater trochanter; origin of

Ischial tuberosity – “butt bones”; “sitting bones”; go inferior from greater trochanter; origin of hamstrings

Trochanteric bursa – on greater trochanter

Trochanteric bursa – on greater trochanter

Sciatic nerve – ½ way between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity

Sciatic nerve – ½ way between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity

Hamstring origin – step off ischial tuberosity

Hamstring origin – step off ischial tuberosity

Piriformis muscle – ½ way between sacrum and greater trochanter; fans out across top

Piriformis muscle – ½ way between sacrum and greater trochanter; fans out across top of buttock region

Inguinal ligament – runs from ASIS to pubic symphysis

Inguinal ligament – runs from ASIS to pubic symphysis

Femoral Artery – inferior to inguinal ligament; in femoral triangle

Femoral Artery – inferior to inguinal ligament; in femoral triangle

Illiopsoas muscle – lateral to umbilicus (belly button)

Illiopsoas muscle – lateral to umbilicus (belly button)

Rectus Femoris – origin @ AIIS (below ASIS)

Rectus Femoris – origin @ AIIS (below ASIS)

Adductor Longus Muscle – inner thigh

Adductor Longus Muscle – inner thigh

Sartorius muscle – origin ASIS

Sartorius muscle – origin ASIS

Gluteus Maximus – buttock

Gluteus Maximus – buttock

Gluteus Medius – lie on side and lift leg against resistance; muscle is at

Gluteus Medius – lie on side and lift leg against resistance; muscle is at top of hip; top of underwear line

Iliotibial (IT) band – runs from iliac crest to lateral knee; starts as a

Iliotibial (IT) band – runs from iliac crest to lateral knee; starts as a muscle (tensor fascia latae) and becomes tendon like on the outside of the leg