HINARIBasic Internet Concepts module 1 1 MODULE 1
HINARI/Basic Internet Concepts (module 1. 1)
MODULE 1. 1 Basic Internet Concepts Instructions - This part of the: §course is a Power. Point demonstration intended to introduce you to Basic Internet Concepts. §module is off-line and is intended as an information resource for reference use.
Table of Contents § Background – HINARI, AGORA, OARE § Basic Internet Concepts § Structure of the Internet § Common Internet Protocols § Technical Requirements for HINARI
Objectives of HINARI-AGORA-OARE • To connect developing world researchers with the international scientific community • To reduce the ‘publishing gap’ and improve the quality of locally produced journals • Ultimately – improve health, food security and environment in relation to Millennium Development Goals of 2015
HINARI (Health Internetwork Access to Research Initiative) • • Online portal to publishers Coordinated by WHO/Yale University, USA Free/Low cost to 113 countries Over 5000 journals / 120 publishers Medicine and health 2903 institutions Data: 06 2008
AGORA (Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture) esearch • Online portal to publishers • Coordinated by FAO/Cornell University, USA • Free/Low cost to 113 countries • 913 journals / 40 publishers • Agriculture and related sciences • 1042 institutions • Data: 06 2008
OARE (Online Access to Research in the Environment) • Online portal to access environmental information • Coordinated by UNEP/Yale University • Free/Low cost to 108 countries • Over 1300 journals / 340 publishers and scholarly societies • Environment and related sciences • 900 institutions • Data: 06 2008
HINARI-AGORA-OARE Eligibility • Free (Band 1): 72 countries with GNI per capita of <$1250 • $1000/yr (Band 2): 36 Countries/territories with GNI per capita of $1250 -3500 – some publishers opt out of this option and do not allow access to their journals • Eligibility is based on GNI per capita figures as reported by the World Bank
Who is Eligible for HINARI-AGORAOARE? The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. © WHO 2004. All rights reserved
Primary Target Audiences • Research and teaching universities • National research organizations, government offices and ministries • Publicly funded and not-for-profit agencies • Note: currently, an institution must register separately for each program
What is the Internet? • Publicly accessible network of interconnected computers which communicate via software protocol standards • Easily accessed (via modem and phone line, ISDN, direct cable landline, satellite) • Expanding global infrastructure; is pan-national (no central control) • Regarding information delivery, the most significant change since the development of the printing press in the 15 th century!
Internet Growth • Exponential growth for the last few years • In 1993, 90, 000 people used the Internet; in 2002, 600 million people used the Internet; in 2007, over 1 billion people used the Internet • Hardware costs are decreasing year on year • Over the next 10 years electronic commerce will boom, reaching $100 s of billions by the year 2010
Internet Growth
Server/Client Interface SERVERS Hardware + Software Protocols CLIENTS Hardware + Software
Internet Architecture Give me file x Here it is Desktop computer - “client” Computer on the Internet holding information - remote “server”
Internet Services • The World Wide Web or a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet (multiple delivery options) • Search tools via WWW (search engines, databases, gateways and portals) • Communication (E-mail) • Retrieval/information transfer (File Transfer Protocol - FTP)
The World-Wide Web • WWW, web, W 3, World-Wide Web • Often what people mean by the Internet • Based on hypertext - the ability to link text and documents dynamically and interactively • Uses hypertext markup language - HTML • The WWW is a global standard • Can use text, graphics, sound and video • Anyone can link to and make use of the web
Delivery: Dial Up Connection DIAL-UP CONNECTION International Gateway Link Phone Line Internet ISP Server Client Computer With Modem • Speed of line • Quality of line • Speed of connection – modem speed: usually 56 kilobytes per second – dial into Internet Service Provider (ISP) – quality of telephone line
Delivery: Broadband Connection FULL – TIME CONNECTION Leased Line Permanent Connection Local Area LAN Server Internet • Speed of line • Quality of line Network • Speed of connection – LAN Server speed – Bandwidth (minimally 256 kbts/s to 1. 0 Mbit/s) – Mode of link (radio, leased line, satellite)
Access Speed Issues • Cables vary in speed and amount of information they can carry • Sometimes cables are slow in carrying information or lose the signal, especially if: – information must cross long distances – too much traffic on the cable – cable capacity, or bandwidth, is low
Web Browser • Browser is the software that is used to view the Web • Standard browser features – scrolling, back, forward, stop, home, refresh • Navigation - in built features – back, forward, home, go to, yes, no • Search on a single web page • Multiple Web browser windows
Browser Customization • • Toolbar options Link to a specific homepage Using the right click mouse button Using favorites or bookmarks – Adding – Organizing – Editing
Internet Requirements for HINARI • 128 kbps, local area network (LAN), or cable connection required. • A hard-wired full-time Internet connection (T 1 or better) enables the fastest downloads. • Satellite or network connections, though slower, are also adequate. • Web Browser - Internet Explorer version 4. 0 or higher OR Mozilla Firefox 1. 0 or higher
Adobe Reader for PDFs • You will need an Adobe Reader to view journal articles in PDF (Portable Document Format). • Adobe Reader can be downloaded for FREE from the Adobe web site: http: //www. adobe. com/products/acrobat/readstep 2. html
This page contains the link to download option for Adobe Reader version 8. 1. 2 This is viewed using the Mozilla Firefox web browser.
The Internet Address or URL This page is being viewed in the Internet Explorer Browsers allow computers to read Hyper Text Mark-up Language OR HTML. The Address or URL is typed in here.
Entering a URL address in the address box After entering a URL address in the address box click Go or hit the RETURN key. In this example we have entered http: //www. who. int for the WHO website
Hypertext links Links to other pages are usually underlined or in another colour of text.
Forward and back navigation buttons The arrow buttons on the tool bar allow users to move Back and Forward to pages within the website.
Home page button The House icon on the tool bar will take you back to the browser’s default Home Page.
This is the end of Module 1. 1 There is a Work Book to accompany this part of the module. The workbook will take you through a live session covering the topics included in this demonstration with working examples. Updated 09 2008
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