HINARI Short Course Table of Contents Background and
HINARI Short Course
Table of Contents • • • Background and Do’s and Don’ts Searching Strategies & Boolean Operators Sign In Procedures HINARI Website Features Partner Publishers’ Websites Features Pub. Med Searching from HINARI – Overview of Pub. Med Website – Limits and Advanced Search – My NCBI
HINARI • The Health Inter. Network Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) is coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) • Collaboration between the WHO, publishers and other health care content owners • To provide biomedical and health care research and guideline information to non-profit academic and research institutions, governmental and policy making departments in low income countries. • AGORA (agricultural research) and OARE (environmental research) are similar programs
HOA URLs HINARI: health (>6, 200 journals) http: //www. who. int/hinari/en/ AGORA: agriculture (>1300 journals) http: //www. aginternetwork. org/en/ OARE: environment (>1300 journals) ttp: //www. oaresciences. org/en/ updated: 12 2009
Eligibility/Registration • Institutions in countries with GNI (gross national income) per capita below $1250 are eligible for free access (Band 1) • Institutions in countries with GNI per capita between $1250 -$3500 pay a fee of $1000 per year / institution (Band 2) • For details, see http: //www. who. int/hinari/eligibility/en/
HINARI License Agreement • List of terms and conditions for Phase 1 institutional users – http: //www. who. int/entity/hinari/about/Lic ence%20 Agreement%20 Phase%201%2 0(free%20 access). pdf
HINARI Do’s/Users • Material owned by the Publishers made available through HINARI can be used by Authorized Users or Walk-in Users – An Authorized User: an institution’s or government department’s employee, permanent or visiting faculty, or student – Walk-in User: anyone who comes to the Institution’s premises and is permitted by the Institution to access services there
HINARI Do’s/Articles For HINARI Band 1 participants: • institution may supply printed or digital materials (documents) to the institution’s employees, faculty members, students or another Authorized User • remote access is permissible but limited to computers owned personally by employees or by institution • publisher’s material may be placed in print Course Packs or placed in Electronic Reserves for students (delete after the end of the course)
HINARI Don’ts/Articles • Downloading/Printing: users cannot download complete journal issues or books (per journal issue or book, 15% limit) • Course Packs: academic and teaching staff – cannot make a profit from the publisher’s material – can charge for cost of printing only
HINARI Don’ts/Articles • Document supply: Cannot distribute documents obtained through HINARI to any other individuals or organizations outside the registered institution • Document fees: The institution may not supply the document for a fee except to recover cost of printing • Uploading: Cannot upload the material to or post to a publicly available website or elsewhere
HINARI Don’ts/Content & Software • Cannot – modify, adapt, transform or create any derivative work from the Publisher’s Material (consequence: immediate termination of the contract between the publisher and the institution) – modify, adapt, transform or create any derivative work or version from the Publisher’s access software or hosting agent – tamper or amend the Publisher’s access software
HINARI Don’ts/Access • Do not give the Publisher’s Material or User Name/Password to other individuals or institutions – if others are interested in HINARI, send them to their institutions’ libraries • Do not access HINARI while traveling outside the country • Do not put the User Name/ Password on the Institution’s website – can put a link to initial page of HINARI or have information about HINARI
Suggestion • Modify the ‘Do’s and Don’ts Template’ (Word document) for your institution • Print copies and distribute to HINARI users when you supply the IDs and Passwords • Have each new users read the ‘Do’s and Don’ts’ and sign that they understand accept the limits • You will have fulfilled your responsibilities as a provider of the Institutional IDs and Passwords
Name of Institution HINARI USAGE POLICY Institutional ID: _______ Password: _______ HINARI DO’s Material owned by the Publishers made available through HINARI can be used by Authorized Users or Walk-in Users An Authorized User is an institution’s or government department’s employee, permanent or visiting faculty, or student Walk-in User are anyone who comes to the Institution’s premises and is permitted by the Institution to access services there Institution may supply printed or digital materials (documents) only to the institution’s employees, faculty members, students oranother Authorized User Remote access is permissible but limited to computers owned personally by employees or by institution Publisher’s material may be placed in electronic reserves for students to access in specified education courses (delete after the end of the course) HINARI DON’Ts Downloading or printing: users cannot download or print complete journal issues or books (per journal issue or book, 15% limit) Course Packs: academic and teaching staff may make copies in print or digital form of the Publisher’s Material for course packs; only can recover the cost of producing such course packs from the students; cannot make a profit from the Publisher’s Material Document supply: cannot distribute documents obtained through HINARI to any other individuals or organizations outside the Institution Uploading: cannot upload/post the material to a publicly available website or elsewhere Cannot modify, adapt, transform or create any derivative work from the publisher’s material, software or hosting agent or tamper with the access software Do not give the Publisher’s Material or ID/password to other individuals or institutions (if others at your institution are interested, send them to the Library) Do not access HINARI while traveling outside the country Do not put the ID and password on the Institution’s website; a link to the initial page of HINARI or information about the program is acceptable SIGNATURE: __________________ DATE: _______ PRINT NAME: __________________
Exercise 1 Complete exercise 1 on the worksheet.
Searching Strategy Overview 1. Define your information need – What sort of information are you looking for? • • • Is it for specific information? - from a data book, encyclopaedia, dictionary or textbook Is it general information within a subject area? Does the search require more thought and information? – Who is going to use the information? • Is it for a clinician, researcher, student or a member of the public?
2. Choose your search terms – What are the key phrases and/or unique words that might appear in a website or article? – Are there synonyms, alternate spellings, plurals or capitals that should be considered? – What broader topic is the search part of or related to?
3. Decide which sources to use – What sources are appropriate? This can range from organizations’ websites and news articles to subject gateways and databases, journals, reference resources, ebooks or reports and grey literature.
4. Run the search • Take the terms/keywords you have decided on • Find the sources you are going to search • Read the ‘Help’ page!! to find out how that particular tool works • Run the search
5. Review and revise your search – – – Be prepared to review and revise your search scope and strategy – by using other sources of information or other search terms or different combinations of terms or by using a different type of search Try new sources of information (familiarity is sometimes too easy) Start again near the beginning of this process if you need to See the INASP “Introduction to Using the Internet” workshop http: //www. inasp. info/training/internet/
Boolean (Search) Operators • Connect terms and locate records containing matching terms • Inserted in a search box – AND, OR, NOT • Must be in UPPERCASE when used • AND, NOT operators are processed in a left- to right sequence. These are processed first before the OR operators • OR operators are also processed from leftto-right
AND Operator (to combine two concepts) the AND operator is used to combine two concepts e. g. hip AND fracture – in the shaded area
AND Operator (to combine three concepts) the AND operator is used to combine three concepts e. g. hip AND fracture AND elderly – in the shaded area
OR Operator (info containing one or other term) renal OR kidney – in the shaded area with the overlap in the middle having both search terms
NOT Operator (in one term or the other) pig NOT guinea – in the shaded area; eliminates items in 2 nd term (guinea) or both terms
Other search engine functions • Phrase or proximity searching: “…” or (…) – allows you to search for an exact phrase “information literacy” prevention and (malaria parasite) • Truncation/wildcards: * – allow you to search alternative spellings child* for child OR childs OR children parasite* for parasite OR parasites • Alternate spellings: ? – can be used to substitute for characters anywhere in a word wom? n would search for “woman” and “women”
Africa AND (malaria OR tuberculosis) malaria tuberculosis africa AND (malaria or tuberculosis) – in the shaded area The (OR) operator retains items in each term and the AND operator is used to combine two concepts
More Search Techniques • Field Specific Searching – author, title, journal, date, url, etc. • Language Restrictions, Humans or Animals, Gender and other limits (to be discussed in Pub. Med LIMITS) • Relevancy Ranking – a grading that gives extra weight to a document when the search terms appear in the headline or are capitalized – every found document is calculated as 100% multiply by the angle formed by weights vector for request and weights vector for document found
Evaluating Web Information • Criteria for Evaluation - • Accuracy Authority Currency Coverage Objectivity Criteria for evaluating Health Information http: //www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/evaluatinghealthinformation. html
Google Search: Dengue Fever CDC: Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention presents detailed information about this mosquito-born. www. cdc. gov/ncidod/dvbid/dengue/ - 37 k – Dengue fever, disease information, NCID, CDC Infectious Disease Information. Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (Dengue Virus Infection). www. cdc. gov/node. do/id/0900 f 3 ec 80006 ce 4 - 17 k Dengue Fever Factsheet with cause, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. www. niaid. nih. gov/factsheets/dengue. htm - 13 k Dengue Fever - Main Subscribe to denguefever news. www. denguefevermusic. com/ - 8 k – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are acute febrile diseases, en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dengue_fever 39 k – WHO: Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Includes cause, prevalence, transmission, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 117/ - 24 k – e. Medicine - Dengue Fever : Article by Daniel D Price, MD Dengue Fever www. emedicine. com/emerg/topic 124. htm - 75 k -
The Google search engine This is the Google search engine. Type your query into the Google Search box and click on the Google Search button
Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. You can search across many disciplines and sources: peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations.
Exercise 2 Complete exercise 2 on the worksheet.
HINARI Website This is the initial page of the HINARI website. Note in the left-hand column, that there are links to the Full-text journals, database and other resources, Eligibility, Register, FAQs and Training pages.
The HINARI website address To access the HINARI website enter the URL http: //www. who. int/hinari.
Logging in to HINARI 1 Login to the HINARI website by clicking HINARI LOGIN.
Logging into HINARI 2 We will need to insert our HINARI User Name and Password in the Login box and click on the Login button. Note: If you do not properly sign on, you will not have access to full text articles.
If you fail to use the Login page, you will have a second option on the Full text journals, databases, and other resources sub-page.
Once logged-in, you will be taken into the Full text journals, databases, and other resources sub-page of the website. Note the ‘You are logged’ in message. This proper login also can be confirmed by the http: //hinarigw. who. int/whalecomextranet. . . url
Accessing journals by title 1 Journals can be accessed by title from an alphabetical list. Note there also is a View complete list of journals option.
We have displayed the ‘L’ journal list. Click on the title for The Lancet. The green box notes access to the contents of the journal for you while the ! notes that your institution is denied access (predominantly Band 2 although some Band 1). Note that the ‘years of volumes’ available are listed after the journal title.
Accessing journals by title 4 Another window will open at the journal publishers’ website.
For each article, there are three options: [Abstract], [Full Text] or [PDF] formats.
You can get the article in Full Text or HTML format that includes links to sections of the article, bibliographic citations or related articles.
With the PDF or Portable Document Format, you will receive a scanned image of the article. This format is similar to the traditional print option. To download a PDF document, you will need a copy of the Adobe Acrobat program which can be download freely from the Adobe website: http: //www. adobe. com
Full-text Article Access Problems Using the ‘Journals by title A-Z’ list, we are attempting to access a full-text article from the Blood. Although HINARI users should have access to this journal, we will use this as an example of ‘what could go wrong. ’
Access problems can be caused by: 1) failure to properly LOGIN with the institution's User Name/Password 2) technical problems at the Publisher's website 3) or problems with local systems (configuration of user institution’s firewall, configuration of browser) 4) The publisher has not authorized access - mostly Band 2 Consequently, you may see a message on the Publisher‘ countries denying access and requesting LOGIN or payment for the specific article. Note: Your HINARI institutional ‘User Name/Password’ will NOT work.
To confirm that you have used the institutional User Name and Password correctly, check that you have the ‘You are logged in’ message. This also is confirmed in the address or URL search box of the web browser. If properly ‘authenticated’, you will see a URL that begins with: http: //hinari-gw. who. int/whalecom. . .
Accessing journals by title 1 NOTE: If you have problems when you are accessing a full-text journal from HINARI/Pub. Med (not via the links from the principal HINARI page), there is one other step to check. (Further details in the Pub. Med section of the short course). If you are unable to access an article from a journal via the ‘Link Out’ icons in HINARI/Pub. Med, double check this by going to the title in the ‘Journals by title A-Z’ list and also verify the years of volumes available.
When viewing any page of the Journals by title A-Z list, the green box notes if your institution has access to the contents of the journal. The ! notes that your institution is denied access (predominantly Band 2 although some Band 1). If you are denied access to a full-text article despite the green box, follow the instructions in the next slide. Note that the ‘years of volumes’ available are listed after the journal title.
Double check that you have completed the HINARI LOGIN. If this is not the problem, notify HINARI staff (hinari@who. int) so that they can communicate with the Publisher and resolve the problem. This example is an email received from a HINARI user in Uganda. Note: make sure you include your institutional User Name, the name of the journal(s) and other details. Also include a screen capture that contains the URL (Internet address) of the
This is the example of the screen capture that was attached to the email message for hinari@who. int For the JEM article, it noted that This item requires a subscription. The publisher requested that the user Sign in (User Name and Password for individual subscription) or Purchase Short-Term Access. Note: this screen capture includes the URL of the journal. This information is invaluable to the HINARI staff who will try to resolve the access problem. You can create a screen capture by clicking on the Print Screen key while viewing the webpage of the journal. Then paste
This additional screen capture notes that the journal is listed on the J page of the Journals by Title A-Z list, that the requested journal issue is available and that, by the green box, the institution should have access to the journal. If the HINARI authentication system had worked properly, the user would have had access to the journal article.
Accessing journals by via Pub. Med Click on the link to find articles through Pub. Med. Using Pub. Med will be covered in subsequent modules.
Accessing journals by subject 1 Click on the link to find journals by Subject.
Accessing journals by subject 4 An alphabetical list of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases journals is now displayed with links to the journal websites.
By clicking on a journal title, you will open the journal in a new window: Trends in Parasitology.
Publishers’ Websites We can also access full text resources from Partner publishers’ services websites by selecting from dropdown menu (to be discussed in the next section).
Other full text sources 1 There a number of Databases and (bibliographic) Indexes. these can be accessed from the list on the right-hand side of the website. CINAHL is a useful database for Nursing material.
African Index Medicus We have selected African Index Medicus.
Exercises 3 -4 Complete exercises 3 -4 on the worksheet.
Partner Publishers’ Websites From the Partner publisher services dropdown menu, click on the Elsevier Science - Science Direct website. Note that this ‘drop down menu’ only contains the major HINARI participating publishers. For a list of complete list of publishers and journals, go to the Find journals by publisher list on the left side of the page.
`` When we open a Partners publisher services resource, a new window will open. We should now be authenticated at the new site. We have chosen Science. Direct. This is the initial page of the website. From here, we can locate articles or journal titles, register for a personal profile, and order table of contents services.
Searching – Science Direct Via the Quick Search option, you can be locate articles by Author, Journal/book title, Volume & Issue and keywords (all fields). You also can Browse by title and broad subjects in the left-hand column. The website also is a database of articles. In Science Direct, there are over 9, 400, 000 full text articles.
Science Direct 2 In Advanced Search, Science Direct allows us to search across All fields within the Elsevier Science collection. In this example, we will go to the Quick Search, enter tuberculosis in the All Journals and All Sciences and All Years boxes and click on the Go button.
Science Direct 3 These are the results for the search tuberculosis in Journals that located 122, 661 articles. The green boxes notes that, via HINARI, the full-text articles are available. These articles are arranged in date of publication descending order.
High. Wire Press 3 This is the High. Wire Press initial page. From here we can locate articles or journal titles or subjects and set up an email alert. The journals free to developing-economies list is located in the by other list box. Also of interest is the journals with free full-text articles. Note: You can access the High. Wire Press http//: highwire. stanford. edu - full-text articles since access is based on the computer’s address that is in an eligible country. This is the ONLY exception to not needing to use your institution’s User Name and Password.
You now have accessed the journals free to developing-economies list of Highwire Press. As noted, the access is based on the computer's IP Address and you can go directly to the site using the url.
High. Wire Press 4 Within High. Wire Press, you can Browse Journals alphabetically (via title). Note that some journals are a free SITE and others have free ISSUES. The HINARI eligible country access is a different mix of titles.
We have accessed the table of contents page of an issue of JAMA with Abstract, Full Text (HTML) and PDF options to specific articles.
Wiley Interscience 2 In the Medical, Veterinary and Health Sciences category, you can Browse By Category or Publication Titles and keyword Search plus Advanced Search options.
Exercises 5 -7 Complete exercises 5 -7 on the worksheet.
Pub. Med Overview From the main HINARI webpage, we can access Pub. Med by clicking on Search HINARI journal articles through Pub. Med (Medline). Note: If you do not properly sign on, you will not have access to full text articles from the HINARI/Pub. Med database.
Pub. Med Intro Page Welcome to the Pub. Med Homepage. This tutorial will look at the interface, display options, downloading and
Pub. Med home page 2 Down the left-hand side of the Pub. Med homepage there are links to other Pub. Med resources including: Overview to Pub. Med, Help & Frequently Asked Questions, Tutorials and News items. Down the left-hand side of the Pub. Med homepage there also links to other Pub. Med Services including: Journals Database, Me. SH Database, Clinical Queries, Link. Out and Citation functions.
Pub. Med search box Malaria infections in Africa In this example we will enter a search for malaria infections in Africa into the Search or query box. To execute the query, click on the Go button.
Results - default display Results of the search malaria infections in africa are displayed in the main body of the page. Note the two additional tabs for Free full text and HINARI articles. These are My. NCBI searches that are included in all the HINARI/Pub. Med queries (see module 4. 5). Of the 3223 articles, 1274 are available via the HINARI tab
Details page Pub. Med uses automatic term mapping. Details shows how the Pub. Med software breaks down the search statement. In this example Pub. Med searches for Malaria as a text word and a Me. SH term because of the automatic term mapping. Africa and Infections are also searched as a text words and Me. SH terms.
Display formats There a number of different formats available to display results. From the drop down menu we can see the possible choices. When using Pub. Med we will use either Summary, Brief, Abstract, Abstract. Plus, Citation, or Medline. The other formats are for different NCBI databases. We have selected Summary from the available options. To change the Display, click on one of the options in the drop down menu.
Summary format The Summary format displays the authors names, the title of the article, the title of the source publication with citation details, and the Pub. Med ID number. Records 1 -20 out of 3223 are displayed on this screen.
Brief format 2 The Brief Display shows the name of the first author, part of the article title, and the Pub. Med ID number.
The Abstract Display option will show any links to Abstract format – full text links publishers websites which may have the full text available. In this example we have a link to Elsevier and next to this is the HINARI icon which identifies access rights for HINARI registered institutions.
Abstract. Plus Example This is an example of the Abstract. Plus Display. Note the relocation of the HINARI and Elsevier icons.
Number of records displayed There a number of different options for displaying the number of references per page. These range from 5 to 500. It is advisable to download as many references per page as possible as this will save time when viewing results by eliminating the need to scroll through numerous pages. From the Show drop down menu, 200 has been
Sorting options Results can be ordered alphabetically by Author or Journal title, or by publication date (the default). In this example, Journal has been selected from the drop down menu. To change the alphabetical order, click on one of the options in this menu.
Selecting references To select references from the results list, we need to check the box on the left side near the top of each record. This is required for the Send to Text, Print, Save or Email options.
Selecting references 2 From the results page, records 1 -5 now have been selected.
Send to Text option 1 The results selected can now be formatted for print by selecting Send to Text from the drop down menu.
Send to Text option 2 This option presents a format for output to a printer.
Send to File 1 To download selected results to a hard drive, floppy disk, compact disk or flash drive, select Send to File from the drop down menu.
Send to File 2 Open the file in Notepad and give it a. txt file extension. Click on Save File.
Send to Email 1 To email selected results, choose Send to E-mail from the drop down menu.
Send to Email 2 Type in an email address in the box provided. Then click on the Mail button. Note that we have selected the Abstract Format as HTML and Sorting by Pub Date. From this screen, we can choose a format and sorting order, and add text notes.
Exercise 8 -10 Complete exercise 8 -10 on the worksheet.
Pub. Med Limits Here is the Limits page. Searches can be limited by restricting terms to fields or setting specific date or record tagging parameters. Note the new Advanced Search (12 2008) option that enables you to use Limits with other Pub. Med features.
Limits overview
Limit by Author(s)
Limit by Journal(s)
Limit by Free Full Text and Abstracts
Limit by Publication Date
Limit by Publication Date
Limit by Language, Type of Article, Topics and Ages
Exercise 11 -15 Complete exercises 11 -15 on the worksheet.
Advanced Search We now will use new Advanced Search option that enables you to use Limits with other Pub. Med features. Note that you can access Advanced Search from Limits, History or the other Pub. Med options listed above.
We have activated the Advanced Search option that displays the Most Recent Queries History. In this exercise, we will use Search #3 – a combination of the tuberculosis and africa and hiv and africa searches. By using Limits, we will refine this search.
For search #3, we have added the ‘English’ Languages, ‘Practice Guidelines’ and ‘Review’ Type of Article and the ‘All Child: 0 -18 years’ Ages Limits.
The results of this Advanced Search are 57 citations with 5 ‘Free full text’ and 27 ‘HINARI’ accessible citations. In the beige box, the Limits applied are listed. You also can use the Preview/Index, Details and Citation Search options in Advanced Search.
Exercise 16 Complete exercises 16 on the worksheet.
MY NCBI To access My NCBI, there are [Sign In] [Register] options on the top right-hand side of the webpage. You will now Register for My NCBI.
You now have to fill in a short Registration page. You will need to select a Username and a Password. Make sure this is written down for future reference. You will also need to set up a Security Question in case you forget your password.
For the 5 character image, enter this literally including capitals. An email address is requested. When the form is complete, click on Register.
You will receive a confirmation e-mail from NCBI. Go to your email account and open the message - efback@mail. nih. gov Click on the hypertext link - the url or website address - that is below the ‘to complete your registration… ’ line. This will to verify the new My NCBI
After placing the MY NCBI website’s address in the search box, you will be sent to this page that verifies your email address. You can proceed to Sign in to MY
After placing the MY NCBI website’s address in the search box, you will be sent to this page that verifies your email address. You can proceed to Sign in to MY
To access My NCBI, you will need to Sign In with your Username and Password. Note: this is the process once you have registered and want to return to MY NCBI.
Proceed to sign into my NCBI by entering your Username and Password and clicking on either of the options.
Once in My NCBI, choose the Search Filters option from the left-hand menu. We need to choose Pub. Med as a database from those listed.
We have clicked on Frequently Requested Filters. Commonly requested filters are listed on this page and you can choose up to five. When we choose a filter, My NCBI will refresh and apply the filter. In this example, we will choose the Free Full Text Filter.
You now click on Search for Filters. In the Search for filters in Pub. Med Database box, enter HINARI and click on the Search button.
Filters matching the Search will appear below. Click on the box for Add as a result tab to apply it to your My NCBI account.
Now click on My Filters and your selected filters will be displayed. Remember that you can use up to five filters.
We have now completed a search for hiv and pregnancy. There are now three results tabs – All, Free full text, and HINARI. To retain this search, click on the Save Search hypertext link. Note: These three tabs are the default configuration when completing a HINARI/Pub. Med search.
MY NCBI gives you the option to save or cancel the specific We have now done a search for hiv and search. In this case, you will pregnancy. There are now three results tabs – save the search. All, Free full text, and HINARI. To retain this search, click on the Save Search link. Note: These three tabs are the default configuration when completing a
Proceed to a ‘yes’ option to receive email updates. In this example, the ‘Tuesday’ once a week and sent text-email options have been chosen from the drop down menus. You may choose the options you prefer.
In this example, the ‘Abstract’ option for Report format has been chosen. You may choose the option you prefer.
Here, the ‘ 5 items’ option for the Number of Items option has been chosen from the drop down menu. Again, you may choose the option you prefer.
When you enter the My Saved Data, you can see a list of the saved searches - ‘hiv and pregnancy’ and ‘malaria and bednets’ in this example. From this page, you can re-run a search by clicking on the title of the search. You
Exercises 17 -21 • Complete exercises 17 -21 on the worksheet. • You have completed the HINARI Short Course! • For further instruction, go to the HINARI Training page at www. who. int/training/en Updated 02 2009
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