Highway and Traffic Engineering Overview of Transportation Engineering

Highway and Traffic Engineering Overview of Transportation Engineering Dr. Wael Awad, Fall 08/09 Source: Professor Jessica Guo, Wisconsin University.

What is TRANSPORTATION ?

Transportation A B Movement of persons and goods over space

Transportation Control System Users / Content Infrastructure Engineering Education Vehicle / Service Environment Enforcement

Users / Content Share of total passengers or tons-km • People Passenger Transportation • Goods Freight Transportation Commuting Shopping Recreation Freight Trade Energy & Raw Materials Waste disposal Local distribution Business Tourism Migration Passengers Distance Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University.

Users / Content Passengers Freight Board, get off and transfer without assistance Must be loaded, unloaded and transferred Process information and The information must be act on it without assistance processed through logistics managers Make choices between means of transport often irrationally Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University. Logistics managers make choices between means of transport rationally

Vehicles / Services

Infrastructure

Control System

2000 Evolution of Transportation Hydrogen car 1950 Container ships Super tankers Electric car Maglev Jumbo Jet TGV Airfoils Highways Jet engine Helicopters Buses 1800 1900 Bulk ships Trucks Planes Automobile Tramway Liners Iron hulls Jet Plane Internal combustion engine Metro Dirigibles Bicycles Docks Electric motor Balloons Steam engine Omnibus Rails Locks Maritime Road Rail Air

Evolution of Transportation 1500 -1840 Average speed of wagon and sail ships: 16 km/hr 1850 -1930 Average speed of trains: 100 km/hr. Average speed of steamships: 25 km/hr 1950 Average speed of airplanes: 480 -640 km/hr 1970 Average speed of jet planes: 800 -1120 km/hr 1990 Numeric transmission: instantaneous Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University.

Evolution of Transportation 1000 750 500 Jet Plane Road Rail Maritime Air HST Propeller Plane 250 Automobile 100 Rail 50 Stage Coach Liner Clipper Ship 1800 1850 1900 1950 Containership 2000

Contemporary Challenges

Transportation • • Multi-User Multi-Scale Multi-Modal Multi-Impacts

What is TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ?

Transportation Engineering • One of the specialty areas of civil engineering – Development of facilities for the movement of goods and people – Planning, design, operation and maintenance • Multidisciplinary study

Transportation Engineering

Transportation Engineering “For millions of Americans, girding for gridlock is a teeth-grinding daily ritual. And with more cars on the road every day, engineers and other professionals trained to reduce traffic congestion are finding plenty of job opportunities” “PAY AND PERKS: $45, 000 to $150, 000. Producing tangible change is a source of job satisfaction for many. ” U. S. News and World Report, February 18, 2002

Highways and Highway Components Highway Transportation Characteristics

Outline Functional classification of roads Road functions Hierarchical structure of road networks Mobility vs. accessibility Mobility vs. transportation mode Highway components Cross-sections Highway plan and profile Interchanges Rural and urban intersections

Transportation System Definition of Transportation Modes • A transportation system is an infrastructure that serves to move people and goods efficiently. The transportation system consists of fixed facilities, flow entities, and a control component. • Efficient = safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, environmentally compatible.

Transportation System Major transportation subsystems • Land transportation: highway, rail • Air transportation: domestic, international • Water transportation: inland, coastal, ocean • Pipelines: oil, gas, other

Highway Transportation System • Fixed facilities: roads, intersections, interchanges, service stations, etc. • Flow entities: passenger cars, buses, trucks, pedestrians, etc. • Control component: highway administration, local transportation agencies, transportation engineering.

Highway Transportation Engineering • Definition The application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation, and management of roads, streets and highways, their networks, terminals, abutting lands, and relationships with other modes of transportation. • Areas of highway transportation engineering: – Planning of streets and highways – Geometric design of road facilities – Traffic operations and control – Traffic safety – Maintenance of road facilities and controls

Road Functions Mobility Accessibility

Hierarchical Structure of Road Networks Rural Urban

Mobility vs. Accessibility Road Class Road Function Freeways Through movement exclusively Surface Arterials Through movement primary and some land access Collectors Local Roads Traffic movement to higher rank roads, access to abutting properties Access to abutting land local traffic movement

Hierarchical Structure of Road Networks

Mobility vs. Accessibility

Mobility vs. Transportation Mode

Mobility vs. Transportation Mode Capacity capacity in veh/h = capacity in veh/h/lane x number of lanes capacity in persons/h = capacity in veh/h x average vehicle occupancy

Mobility vs. Transportation Mode Capacity Facility Three-lane urban freeway Three-lane urban arterial One lane of buses Vehicles/hr Persons/hr 2, 000 x 3 = 6, 000 x 1. 7 = 10, 200 800 x 3 = 2, 400 x 1. 7 = 4, 080 100 x 1 =100 x 80 = 8, 000 One track of light rail 19, 000 One track of heavy rail 40, 000

Highway Components Cross-section

Highway Components Highway plan and profile

Highway Components Urban Intersections

Highway Components Rural Intersections

Highway Components Interchanges