Highlights of TLUD Stove Development Worldwide in 2013

Highlights of TLUD Stove Development Worldwide in 2013 to January 2014 ( TLUD refers to “Top-Lit Up. Draft” micro-gasification ) A Presentation at 2014 ETHOS Conference Seattle-Kirkland, WA, USA 24 -26 January 2014 Paul S. Anderson Ph. D “Dr TLUD” ( Doc Tee-lud ) psanders@ilstu. edu Juntos Energy Solutions, NFP Awamu Biomass Energy Ltd (Uganda)

Abstract • The pace of development of TLUD micro-gasifier cookstoves has further increased during 2013. • Highlighted are numerous devices, activities and results. Some are presented at the ETHOS conference. • Classification of micro-gasifier stoves according to key variables – of significant features, emissions, specialty fuels, char production, natural or forced draft, materials and manufacturing, costs, marketing, etc. • Major issues for TLUD stoves in 2014 are named.

Manual by Roth for GIZ (revision is in press) • Micro-gasification: Cooking with Gas from Biomass • Revision / up-date available probably in February 2014

Micro-gasification Terminology • Document available at: www. drtlud. com • “TLUD” re-defined as a name, not an acronym, referring to small Up. Draft processes and devices, as in “Tiny Little” Up. Draft. • Migratory Pyrolytic Front (MPF) is the essential distinguishing characteristic of Top-Lit Up. Draft, therefore TLUD-MPF. • After MPF ends, continuation of burning becomes TLUD-BB (Bottom Burning) – New fuel added on top of char is being “retorted” – Burning only charcoal is bad for stove & heat transfer

Stove Camps and Research • TLUD technology featured at Stove Camp at Aprovecho in July 2013 and next week • Kirk Harris (will make next presentation) • Materials testing • Issues of materials and weight of TLUD cookstoves: heavy vs. light weight TLUDs.

Awamu “Quad” (versions 2 & 3) TLUD-ND dimensions identical to the Mwoto “Classic” TLUD. 400 units produced. US$14 per stove. Flat Pack fabrication. Test results on Internet. Mainly “Tab & Slot” assembly, to be done near point of sale. Too difficult to produce sufficient quantities with adequate quality, even with jigs.

Troika TLUD (Russian word for 3) • Successor to the Quad designs, to have ease of production. • Prototype in USA in late 2013; taken to Uganda in January 2014 for African modifications and initial 5 units. • Training and sample units taken from Uganda to Kenya and Tanzania in January 2014, where it is called Jiko Bingwa (Champion Stove, a name used since 2005 for this style of TLUD-ND).

Bingwa (Champion) TLUD Stove [A Troika design by Anderson] • Combustor top similar to Quad. • Three wooden legs joined by strong metal. • Outer cylinder 700 mm circum. & 8. 75 inch diameter = Quad size • Inner fuel chambers of many sizes. • Primary air control !!!!

Other TLUD-ND in Production • Peko Pe: Zambia & Norway, at ETHOS by Jan Sorensen. • Jiko Bomba: Tanzania. by Bjarne Laustsen. Intended to use with pellet fuel.

Other TLUD-ND in Production • Gastov (3 models) by KIRDI = Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute. Heavy stove; fuel chamber is lifted out to extinguish.

Other TLUD-ND in Production • Maliaka Jiko (left) Kenya, by Wisdom stoves. This is an excellent TChar unit on a charcoal stove. • Riziki TLUD-ND (right) by Wisdom. No riser because secondary air inlets are 10 cm below rim.

Other TLUD-ND in Production • Estufa Finca: Costa Rica, by Seachar / Art Donnelly (presented at ETHOS 2014) • TLUD stoves in China (some with FA): Silverfire units from China are sold in North America by Todd Albi, Eugene, Oregon. Others with presentation at ETHOS 2014.

Rice Husk TLUD-FA Devices • Several presented at ETHOS 2014 and are a major topic at Aprovecho Open House next week: • Alexis Belonio • Paul Olivier • HOS/Rua • Troika

Lacking during 2013 • Very little testing results reported. • No or very little word from many that are known to be involved with TLUD work: – Colorado State University (large grant) – Companies that hold their information about possible work on TLUD topics (maybe none to report): • (Enviro. Fit, Burn, World. Stove, Stove Tec. , First Energy, Nurhuda Stoves, ) • .

Fuels • Increasing interest in pellets/briquettes

TLUD Rental Program in Uganda. • In very specific communities, women in groups (similar to micro-finance groups) with shared responsibility for payments of: – Stove rental of USD 0. 33 per month – 500 grams of dry char per stove per day. (Company receives payment per KG, to be sequestered. ) • Stoves are maintained by company or project. • Project already started in Uganda by Awamu. • Presentation by Ted Redelmeier at ETHOS 2014.

Merry Go Round Large TLUDs for Biochar in Thailand

Awamu Institutional Stove • 100 to 300 liter sizes (shown 150 L; second lip provides seal and handles. ) • Triple concentric air channel (with insulation under top and in outer gap, for heat transfer efficiency and cooler sides; chimney sustains draft. ) • Large TLUD-ND gasifier (Fuel container 40 cm Dia. x 36 cm H; 2 units provide continual heat; use smaller units for simmer. ) • Assembled on site (as fixed or portable) • Price: Not yet decided. • 100% Uganda-made.

On-going Debates • Debate about how the quantities of produced char are included in the calculations of efficiencies. • Debate about centralized and decentralized production of stoves, including TLUD models.

Major Issues for TLUD Stoves in 2014 • Establishment of high usage of TLUD cookstoves in some communities. • Lowering of costs of each stove. • Materials and increased production • Improvement of procedures for: – Ignition – Extinguishing each batch • Design changes