Higher Level Structures Why bother Higher level structures
Higher Level Structures Why bother? Higher level structures make your work more complex and, if used correctly, will help you achieve more marks and therefore a higher grade in both your speaking and writing exams. It is best to learn a few higher level structures so you can vary your language. Even if you only learn one higher level structure, it will make your work more complex. The GCSE mark scheme clearly awards more marks for work which is complex and which has a variety of structures.
Higher Level Structures En + present participle While +……. -ing By + ………. -ing
Higher Level Structures So what is a PRESENT PARTICIPLE? A present participle is a form of the verb. In English, the present participle ends in –ing. ‘En + present participle’ translates as ‘While +. . ing’ or ‘By +. . ing’. Let’s take a look at some examples of English sentences containing present participles so you get a better idea of how this structure is used: • He normally listens to music while doing his homework. • You will learn more by listening to the teacher.
Higher Level Structures So how do you form the ‘PRESENT PARTICIPLE’ in French?
Higher Level Structures To form the PRESENT PARTICIPLE 1. Start with the NOUS form of the verb 2. Take off the ‘nous’ and the ‘ons’ ending 3. Add –ant to the stem e. g. 1. Aller = To go Nous allons = we go 2. Nous allons 3. all + -ant allant = going
Higher Level Structures Some examples of PRESENT PARTICIPLES Aller nous allons all + ant allant Faire nous faisons fais + ant faisant Jouer nous jouons jou + ant jouant Regarder nous regardons regard + ant regardant Visiter nous visitons visit + ant visitant
Higher Level Structures There are only 3 IRREGULAR PRESENT PARTICIPLES Avoir nous avons ayant having Être nous sommes étant being Savoir nous savons sachant knowing
Higher Level Structures ‘En + present participle’ can be used in any context Can you translate the following sentences into English?
Higher Level Structures 1. LIFESTYLE Health / Relationships & Choices On ne peut pas manger du chocolat en étant au régime. One cannot eat chocolate while being on a diet. Normalement nous bavardons en prenant le petit déjeuner Normally we chat while having breakfast. Normalement ma soeur et moi nous entendons bien en jouant ensemble. Normally my sister and I get on well while playing together. La marieé souriait en se mariant dans l’église. The bride was smiling while getting married in the church.
Higher Level Structures 2. LEISURE Free Time & Media / Holidays On peut trouver les CD les moins chers en surfant sur l’internet. One can find the cheapest CDs by surfing the internet. J’adore écouter de la musique en faisant du jogging. I love listening to music while jogging. Ma soeur aime faire de la danse en écoutant de la musique. My sister likes dancing while listening to music. On peut monter la Tour Eiffel en visitant Paris. One can go up the Eiffel Tower while visiting Paris.
Higher Level Structures 3. HOME & ENVIRONMENT Home & Local Area / Environment On peut fêter son anniversaire en dînant dans un bon restaurant One can celebrate one’s birthday by dining in a nice restaurant D’habitude je range ma chambre en écoutant de la musique. I usually tidy my room while listening to music. Normalement je parle avec ma copine en attendant l’autobus. Normally I talk to my friend while waiting for the bus. J’essaie d’aider l’environnement en recyclant les journaux. I try to help the environment by recycling newspapers.
Higher Level Structures 4. WORK & EDUCATION School & Future Plans / Current & Future Jobs C’est possible d’avoir un travail en étudiant pour les examens. It is possible to have a job while studying for your exams. J’envoyais des textos en écoutant mon prof de français. I used to send texts while listening to my French teacher. On peut cher un bon travail en regardant dans le journal. One can look for a job by looking in the newspaper. On peut aller à l’université en réussissant à ses examens. One can go to university by passing one’s exams.
Higher Level Structures Do you think you will be able to use ‘en + present participle’ confidently? Be creative and think of your own sentences.
p a c e r s ’ Let Higher Level Structures En + present participle While +……. -ing By + ………. -ing En is always followed by the PRESENT PARTICIPLE
BONNE CHANCE
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