High Definition Television Origination and Distribution from the

High Definition Television Origination and Distribution from the International Space Station Mobile Terrestrial and Space Networking: Supporting the Scientific Community David R. Beering Chief Engineer Consolidated Space Operations Contract Infinite Global Infrastructures, LLC drbeering @igillc. com 630 -665 -1396 This work was funded by Lockheed Martin Space Operations through the Consolidated Space Operations Contract NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX 06 -25 -01 1

06 -25 -01 2 Background • Started working on a design for an upgraded ISS communications system nearly three years ago – Original work funded by the NASA Glenn Research Center – The ISS Advanced Comm Working Group (ACWG) was an outgrowth of this early effort • The concept was further developed by Lockheed Martin Space Operations through the Consolidated Space Operations Contract (CSOC) in relation to CSOC’s Contract Option 6, which articulated an upgrade of the ISS Return Link Data Service to 150 Mbps (Option 6 was subsequently canceled due to lack of funds) • The Lockheed Martin design includes some early analysis of Space Qualification requirements for ISS hardware • Concept developed more energy with the introduction of DREAMTi. ME in June of 2000 • The end-to-end network architecture was demonstrated in April at the National Association of Broadcasters annual convention in Las Vegas, NV

Components of the End-to-End Communications System Design • Space Vehicle Local Communications System – – Antenna RF/IF Equipment Networking Hardware Computing Hardware • Space Link Connecting Vehicle to Ground System – – – GEO Relay Using Tracking & Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS - Existing) GEO Relay Using Commercial Platform (Potential Future) MEO Relay Using Commercial Platform (Potential Future) LEO Relay Using Commercial Platform (Potential Future) Direct-to-Ground (Future) • Ground Terminal – Antenna – RF/IF Equipment – Networking Hardware • Terrestrial Distribution Network • Control Center Network Infrastructure • End-user Facility (Principal Investigator or Consumer)

Current System Block Diagram Tracking & Data Relay Satellite System 06 -25 -01 4 DOMSAT Average 270 ms one-way delay WSC JSC Ku-SA Channel (Return Link) 225 MHz wide 3 Mb/s 50 Mb/s NASA Johnson Ku-SA Channel (Forward Link) 50 MHz wide International Space Station NASA Marshall TDRSS Modem DOMSAT Modem High Rate Switch Air Gap SONET Mux Commercial Fiber Optic Ground Network NASA White Sands

Proposed System Block Diagram 06 -25 -01 5 Tracking & Data Relay Satellite System Ku-SA Channel (Return Link) 225 MHz wide 6 Mb/s 155 Mb/s Average 30 ms one-way delay WSC JSC Ku-SA Channel (Forward Link) 50 MHz wide International Space Station NASA Marshall TDRSS Modem High Rate Switch New Stuff SONET Mux Commercial Fiber Optic Ground Network NASA White Sands NASA Johnson

END-TO-END SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM Space-Based Antenna with Tracking Satellite Link – TDRSS Ku / Ka Ground-Based Antenna RF/IF Subsystem 849. 4 MHz IF High Rate Modem RF/IF Subsystem 385 MHz IF TTL Clock + Data 622 Mbps ATM UNI 3 -DES Crypto KEY 622 Mbps ATM UNI ATM Switch Existing 155 Mbps ATM UNI Modified COTS 100 Base. T New Development Required COTS Ethernet Hub Hosts 100 Base. T ECL Clock + Data High Rate Switch Low Rate Switch ECL-to-ATM Gateway IP Router High Rate Modem & WSC Automation Software Ku-Band Xmit Modem Low Rate Modem ECL Clock + Data 370 MHz IF Ethernet Hub 100 Base. T ECL Clock + Data ECL-to-ATM Gateway IP Router ATM UNI ATM Switch 622 Mbps ATM UNI ATM Switch Crypto ATM UNI 100 Base. T MPEG-2 / HDTV Video Encoder Wide Area Network MPEG-2 / SDTV Video Encoder/Decoder Hosts & Payloads ISS NASA White Sands Complex Mission Control Center / End User Facility

SERVICE EXTENSION THROUGH THE SATELLITE GROUND TERMINAL End-to-End Applications Space-to-Ground Applications Router Ground-to-Ground Applications Router ATM Switch Network Quality Of Service, High. Speed Video Crypto Security Services WAN Crypto MODEM International Space Station NASA White Sands Complex IP Services Mission Control Center / End-User Laboratory

06 -25 -01 8 Why Was This Demonstration Important? • Validation of the end-to-end architecture with real components • Paves the way for commercial services and commercial approaches – Content Creation – Content Delivery – Distribution of Content • This approach opens new investment opportunities • Represents an architectural approach that will make more efficient use of NASA’s space and ground networking assets • It is a nearly-pure representation of the Space Internet

06 -25 -01 9 End-to-End Network Layout for NAB Loral Skynet Telstar 6 TDRSS Las Vegas Convention Center Albuquerque NASA Goddard Simulated International Space Station ADTNet ESNet El Paso, TX NASA White Sands Naval Research Laboratory Bldg 97 A Qwest ATM Network Naval Research Laboratory Bldg 1

06 -25 -01 10 End-to-End Network Layout for Today Loral Skynet Telstar 6 L-Band IF Tadiran DVB Demodulator NASA Ames Ku-Band Hub DVB ASI 2 Netfx HDTV Transcoder 100 Base. T NREN Portable Satellite Trailer IP / ATM Network 70 MHz IF 100 Base. T Projector RGB 2 Netfx HDTV Decoder Panasonic D 5 HDTV Player HD SDI Harmonic MV 400 HDTV Encoder DVB ASI Newtec 2080 DVB Modulator

06 -25 -01 11 Partner Organizations • Broadcast Satellite Space Segment – Boeing Connexion , Loral Skynet , NASA Glenn Research Center • Commercial Satellite Modulator – Newtec America • HDTV Production Equipment and support – Harmonic Inc, 2 Netfx, NASA Ames Research Center • HDTV Content for Broadcast – US Naval Research Laboratory, ABC Studios