HIGH CHARGE PHOTOCATHODE APPLICATIONS FOR STRUCTURE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION

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HIGH CHARGE PHOTOCATHODE APPLICATIONS FOR STRUCTURE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION MANOEL CONDE https: //www. anl. gov/awa

HIGH CHARGE PHOTOCATHODE APPLICATIONS FOR STRUCTURE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION MANOEL CONDE https: //www. anl. gov/awa EWPAA 2019, PSI, September 11 -13

BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION Future linear colliders CLIC ILC TDR - SRF, 31. 5 MV/m

BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION Future linear colliders CLIC ILC TDR - SRF, 31. 5 MV/m - 7. 8 B USD (500 Ge. V) CERN-2016 -004 - NCRF, 72 MV/m - 6. 7 B CHF (380 Ge. V) Advanced accelerator concepts Laser wakefield acceleration Plasma wakefield acceleration S. Steinke, et al. , Nature 530, 190 (2016) S. Corde, et al. , Nature 524, 442 (2015) Dielectric laser acceleration E. A. Peralta, et al. , Nature 503, 92 (2013) Structure wakefield acceleration B. D. O’Shea, et al. , Nature Comm. 7, 12763 (2016)

BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION Structure wakefield acceleration Two beam acceleration (TBA) Power extractor (decelerator): Collinear

BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION Structure wakefield acceleration Two beam acceleration (TBA) Power extractor (decelerator): Collinear wakefield acceleration (CWA) Gradient: Accelerator: Proposed Argonne Flexible Linear Collider (AFLC) 3 Te. V, 18 km Module design W. Gai, et al. , JPP 78, 339 (2012) - 26 GHz structure - No combiner ring - 22 ns short pulse - 50 n. C/bunch - 1 GW rf power - 32 -bunch train - 267 MV/m gradient

ARGONNE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR (AWA) Facility layout High power L-band test-stand Argonne Cathode Test-stand (ACT)

ARGONNE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR (AWA) Facility layout High power L-band test-stand Argonne Cathode Test-stand (ACT) 14. 5 m x 1. 5 m testing area available 15 Me. V witness beamline One rf gun + one linac 70 Me. V drive beamline One rf gun + six linacs Research focus - Mission: Developing the science and technology of electron beam generation, manipulation and acceleration, for beam-driven wakefield acceleration and other applications - Advanced Accelerator Concepts: High gradient and high efficiency in structure wakefield acceleration (main effort) and plasma wakefield acceleration - Beam physics: Advanced beam manipulation and diagnostics - Electron source: High charge high quality beam generation; advanced cathode test

HIGH CHARGE GENERATION AT AWA Photocathode rf gun - 1. 6 -cell L-band 1.

HIGH CHARGE GENERATION AT AWA Photocathode rf gun - 1. 6 -cell L-band 1. 3 GHz - Cathode field up to 75 MV/m - Cs 2 Te cathode preparation - Load-lock system UV laser 100 n. C single bunch 600 n. C bunch train - 248 nm UV laser - 2 -8 ps adjustable length - 10 m. J with excimer - Under upgrade to 262 nm - Relay imaging system - Low loss, preserved laser profile

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – SWFA TBA Staging accelerating X-band 11. 7 GHz structures power

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – SWFA TBA Staging accelerating X-band 11. 7 GHz structures power extractor Two Drive trains to successively accelerate witness bunch with preserved its beam quality accelerator 70 Me. V/m in two stages 20 n. C/bunch, 16 bunches, 320 n. C total 150 Me. V/m in one stage 45 n. C/bunch, 8 bunches, 360 n. C total 300 MW in one stage 54 n. C/bunch, 8 bunches, 430 n. C total C. Jing, et al. , NIMA 898, 72 -76 (2018)

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – SWFA TBA High power generation with metamaterial structure X-band 11.

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – SWFA TBA High power generation with metamaterial structure X-band 11. 7 GHz structure X. Lu, et al. , PRL 122, 014801 (2019) Peak power 85 MW, ~42 n. C/bunch, 2 bunches, 85 n. C total High power generation with dielectric-loaded structure J. Shao, et al. , submitted Peak power 200 MW, ~45 n. C/bunch, 8 bunches, 360 n. C total

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – SWFA TBA Proposed 500 Me. V short-pulse TBA demonstrator 70

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – SWFA TBA Proposed 500 Me. V short-pulse TBA demonstrator 70 Me. V drive beam 2 x 8 -bunch trains 40 n. C/bunch, 640 n. C total 15 Me. V main beam Single bunch 0. 1 -3 n. C - 2 stages, 2 pairs of structures per stage - Drive beam: decelerated from 70 to ~20 Me. V - Main beam: accelerated from 15 to ~500 Me. V Drive beam Waveguide delay 26 GHz dielectric structures Copper Load Phase shifter Drive beam switch Dielectric Main beam J. Shao, et al. , in Proceedings of NAPAC 2019

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – SWFA CWA High gradient acceleration D. Wang, et al. ,

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – SWFA CWA High gradient acceleration D. Wang, et al. , PRL 116, 054801 (2016) W-band 91 GHz structure Peak gradient 85 Me. V/m, 3 n. C/bunch, 4 bunches, 12 n. C total High transformer ratio 100 GHz slab structure High charge shaping with EEX Q. Gao, et al. , PRL 120, 114801 (2018) TR~5, 20 n. C from gun, 2 n. C after EEX

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – SWFA CWA Proposed CWA module for multi-beamline high repetition XFEL

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – SWFA CWA Proposed CWA module for multi-beamline high repetition XFEL Doorstep shape drive beam, 10 n. C, TR>5 220 GHz corrugated waveguide structure with permanent magnet quadrupole A. Zholents, et al. , in Proceedings of IPAC 2018

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – PWFA High transformer ratio 10 -12 n. C from gun,

HIGH CHARGE APPLICATION – PWFA High transformer ratio 10 -12 n. C from gun, 1. 5 -2 n. C after EEX Hollow cathode arc plasma source R. Roussel, et al. , to be submitted

BEAM QUALITY IMPROVEMENT Microlens array New drive gun (planned) A. Halavanau, et al. ,

BEAM QUALITY IMPROVEMENT Microlens array New drive gun (planned) A. Halavanau, et al. , PRAB 20, 103404 (2017) Symmetric design to suppress dipole and quadrupole field Quad corrector L. Zheng, et al. , PRAB 21, 122803 (2018) L. Zheng, et al. , PRAB 22, 072805 (2019)

ARGONNE CATHODE TEST-STAND (ACT) Unique and flexible test-stand for advanced cathode study - Single-cell

ARGONNE CATHODE TEST-STAND (ACT) Unique and flexible test-stand for advanced cathode study - Single-cell L-band rf gun - 2 MW input power - 100 -700 MV/m on the cathode S. Baryshev, et al. , APL 115, 203505 (2014) J. Shao, et al. , PRL 115, 264802 (2015) J. Shao, et al. , PRL 117, 084801 (2016) - FE/BD study: BD location, FE imaging - Cathode study: fully benchmarking (thermal emittance under study) - Application: low energy beam (field emission/photoemission) delivered to the ample space at the end of the beamline pin nose gun iris

ARGONNE CATHODE TEST-STAND (ACT) Unique and flexible test-stand for advanced cathode study K. Nichols,

ARGONNE CATHODE TEST-STAND (ACT) Unique and flexible test-stand for advanced cathode study K. Nichols, to be submitted J. Shao, et al. , ar. Xiv 1907. 08582 (2019) - The second Cs 2 Te preparation chamber is under construction - To be paired with ACT for advanced cathode study

SUMMARY § AWA routinely operates high charge from advance accelerator concepts - 1. 6

SUMMARY § AWA routinely operates high charge from advance accelerator concepts - 1. 6 -cell photocathode rf gun with Cs 2 Te high QE cathode - World’s highest charge: 100 n. C single bunch, 600 n. C bunch train § High charge enables the research of high power generation and high gradient acceleration - 300 MW generated rf power, 150 Me. V/m accelerating gradient - High transformer ratio ~5 in SWFA and ~8 in PWFA with n. C level charge - Demonstrators for future TBA and CWA based large-scale machine § Continuous effort to improve the beam quality § The ACT beamline is open for collaborators https: //www. anl. gov/awa

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Argonne, a U. S. Department of Energy Office of

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Argonne, a U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DEAC 02 -06 CH 11357

Supplier Advisory Committee Al Wakefield President Wakefield GlobalSupplier Advisory Committee Al Wakefield President Wakefield Global
Supplier Advisory Committee Al Wakefield President Wakefield GlobalSupplier Advisory Committee Al Wakefield President Wakefield Global
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