High Availability High Performance Systems an ebusiness perspective
High Availability High Performance Systems an e-business perspective Digitask Consultants, Inc. digitask@digitask. com (212) 682 -6652 Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
What is High Availability? Availability Classification Uptime Levels (%) Annual Downtime Fault Tolerant 99. 9999 < 1 minute Extremely High Availability 99. 999 5 minutes Fault Resilient High Availability 99. 99 53 minutes High Availability 99. 9 8. 8 hours Commercial Availability 99. 5 43. 8 hours Sources: Gartner Group, Transaction Processing Performance Council, Compaq Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Why Should I Care? Opportunity! Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Why Should I Care? Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Cost of Downtime Industry Application Average Cost per Hour of Downtime Financial Brokerage operations $? ? ? ? 6, 500, 000 Financial Credit Card Sales $? ? ? ? 2, 600, 000 Media Pay Per View $? ? ? ? 150, 000 Retail Home Shopping (TV) $? ? ? ? 113, 000 Retail Catalog Sales $? ? ? ? 90, 000 Airline Reservations $? ? ? ? 89, 500 Transportation Source: Gartner Group and Contingency Planning Research Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Cost of Downtime - Equity Value Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Cost of Downtime - Equity Value Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Top 6 Reasons for Server Failure Software defects/failures Planned administrative downtime OS upgrades, DB administration, etc. Operator error Hardware outage/maintenance Building/site disaster fires, sprinkler systems Metropolitan disaster storm, floods Survey of IS managers Source: Gartner Group Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
The Solution. . . Open. VMS Tru 64 UNIX Tru. Clusters Windows NT Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Tru. Clusters - Yesterday V 1. x Production Server Available Server TRU 64 UNIX Alpha. Server Systems Each builds upon the other Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Tru. Cluster 1. x HSZx 0 Memory Channel Interconnect Private Disks System Disk Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved Private Disks System Disk
Tru. Cluster 5 Memory Channel Interconnect Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Tru. Cluster Server Version 5. 0 u Single system image cluster l Shared file system Dramatically easier management u Simpler application availability and scalability u Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Tru. Cluster 5. 0 Feature Summary Easier management u Clusterwide file system u Cluster alias u / /usr /var /. . . u Application availability facility Cluster wide storage u Support for larger & more flexible configurations u No requirement for symmetric configurations u No need for private storage (all storage can be on shared buses) u Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Tru 64 UNIX System Management UNIX Workstation Single System (LAN) X 11 SNMP WBEM PC Cluster Tru 64 UNIX Management Web / Java Tru 64 UNIX Management (LAN / WAN) CLI Script (LAN / WAN) Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Cluster Management The best cluster management is the management you NEVER have to do! Traditional UNIX Clusters Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved Tru. Cluster V 5. 0 / /usr /var /. . .
Cluster File System u Single cluster-wide namespace with a single shared root l Same view from all cluster members l Mechanism to address member-specific files u Client/Server model initially u Layers on existing file system l Adv. FS, NFS, UFS (r/o), CDFS u Transparent file system failover and recovery u Integrated with cluster alias for NFS server Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved / /usr /var /. . .
System and Storage Management u CFS is an enabling technology Most management operations “just work” l Single copy of most configuration files l Device names are consistent cluster-wide u Storage devices are available everywhere u Fewer things to manage u Operating system and applications installed once per cluster l Automatic disk and file system failover l u Single security domain l Base and enhanced security Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
System and Storage Management u BUT… Still must manage some things separately Kernel tuning, process tuning l Network adapter, tty configuration l Licensing l Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Cluster Alias Client Router Client Cluster appears as single system to network u Can support multiple aliases Cluster - canine 1. 1. 1. 0 u Single host name to clients Retriever u Transparent handling of node Alpha. Server labrador golden and adapter failures 1. 1. 2 u Dynamic load balancing u Network services Alpha. Server basset bluetick u Efficient forwarding over 1. 1. 1. 3 1. 1. 1. 4 cluster interconnect Hound u Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Application Support u u Applications need only be installed once in the cluster although may be licensed per node Single instance applications l May only run on one member of a cluster at a time – Multiple copies would conflict with each other – Typical old-style ASE applications Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Single Instance Applications Application Memory Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved Application Channel Interconnect
Application Support u Multiple instance applications l May run on multiple or all cluster members – Multiple copies don’t conflict – Some ASE applications can now run on multiple members Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Multi-Instance Applications Application Memory Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved Application Channel Application Interconnect
Cluster Application Availability Provides application failover or restart within the cluster u Application and resource dependencies u Application profile determines failover policy and dependencies u Mechanism for application-specific monitoring u l Monitoring of applications via ‘check’ entry in action script Command line and GUI-based management u ASE application start/stop scripts easily migrate with minimal changes u Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Application Support u Cluster aware applications l Use cluster features such as the Distributed Lock Manager l Coordinate storage r/w access from multiple nodes Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Multi-Instance Applications Application Memory Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved Application Channel Application Interconnect
Tru. Cluster Advantages Over Other UNIX Clusters u Installation and Configuration l l l l Rolling upgrade of o/s Single system image Cluster-wide file system Cluster alias Single security domain Cluster-wide naming of storage devices Single event manager/error log Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved u Load Balancing l u Dynamic load balancing of client connections Cluster Management l l l Applications are installed once for entire cluster Configuration changes made once for the cluster Users are authorized once for all cluster nodes
Tru. Cluster Advantages Over Other UNIX Clusters u Hardware specifics l l l l Interconnect speed (6 -12 x faster) Maximum number of nodes: 8 Largest Node supported: ~125, 000 tpm-C Smallest node: Alpha. Server 800 (<$7, 000) Support for Switched Fibre Channel Support for simultaneous direct access to database tables Available API for parallel resource locking Available up-time guarantee 99. 99% Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Bottom Line - Management Traditional UNIX Clusters Single Systems $ Tru. Cluster Server V 5. 0 Number of Nodes Tru 64 UNIX Tru. Clusters cost less to manage Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Bottom Line - Reliability Uptime Guarantees 99. 99% Plus joint effort by COMPAQ & the customer Intimacy of Partnership For Eligible Alpha systems Business Critical Custom Availability Review On-site Spares Installation Priority Executive Package Priority Premier Package Customer need for high availability Tru 64 UNIX Tru. Clusters are more reliable Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Bottom Line - Size Tru 64 UNIX Tru. Clusters are more scaleable Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Bottom Line - Industry Opinion Tru. Cluster V 5. 0 "Nines are necessary, but not sufficient. Simple, straightforward use is also vital. . . Here Compaq has excelled, going the distance in building multi-system scalability, reliability, and manageability into the heart of UNIX. " Jonathan Eunice, Illuminata, Inc. , 4/99 Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
Thank You John Zimmerman johnz@digitask. com (212) 682 -6652 Copyright © 2003 Digitask Consultants Inc. , All rights reserved
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