HIGH AND MAXIMUM CONTAINMENT LABORATORIES OUTLINE Achieving Containment

HIGH AND MAXIMUM CONTAINMENT LABORATORIES

OUTLINE • Achieving Containment • NICD BSL 4 Facility – Containment Barriers – BSL 4 laboratory work – HVAC systems and Control – BSL 4 facility design – Architectural components • NICD Ebola Mobile Laboratory – Sterilisation systems • NIOH ASPIRE Facility – Background – Safety and functional considerations – Facility design – Facility location and assessment – Laboratory setup

ACHIEVING CONTAINMENT • Strategies Using: – Inward directional airflow – Isolation dampers – Sealing service penetrations – Backflow prevention – Filtration – Standard Operating Procedures

CONTAINMENT BARRIERS • • Primary barriers (safety equipment) – BSCs- all procedures – Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Isolators and Ventilated Racks Secondary barriers (facilities) – Design parameters to protect people surrounding the laboratory and the community – Separate building or isolated zone – Special HVAC systems and controls Primary Containment Ante Rm Lab BSC Sterilizer Secondary Containment

HVAC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL • Room exhaust is through double HEPA filtration (BIBO safe-change housings) • Supply air is HEPA filtered • Supply air terminals (room) are have HEPA filters for the unlikely event of the lab going positive • Exhaust and supply air are interlocked, with fan redundancy • System response and control managed via a BMS

ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS • Stainless Steel Doors with Inflatable Door Seals • Surface Finishes – Epoxy based (3 mm Floor, Walls and Ceilings Painted with Water-based Epoxy)

STERILISATION SYSTEMS • Solid Waste Sterilisation – Autoclaves • Effluent Waste Sterilisation

NIOH ASPIRE FACILITY: BACKGROUND • Investigation of airborne transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (and other infectious agents within indoor environments); • Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation fixtures are implemented to inactivate airborne pathogens such as M. tuberculosis; • The objective to inactivate airborne infectious agents in the upper part of the room, while minimizing radiation exposure to persons in the lower part of the room; • The efficacy of commercially available germicidal lamps in South Africa is not known; • Testing will involve aerosolising M. tuberculosis in a room environment and to determine the ability of UVGI fixtures to inactivate M. tuberculosis in the test room;

ASPIRE FACILITY: SAFETY & FUNCTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS • Exposure to M. tuberculosis (avirulent/attenuated); • Environmental factors such as air velocity, air mixing, and relative humidity affect the efficacy of UVGI fixtures; • Moveable ceiling; • The aerosolised air sample collection and variable time intervals;

ASPIRE FACILITY: FACILITY DESIGN • Biosafety Level 3 (BSL 3) design; – Single-pass system with HEPA filtered exhaust; – HEPA filtered supply air; – Clean and dirty change rooms; – Negative pressure cascade; – Use of primary containment devices (Class II A 2 BSC); – Use of PAPRs;

ASPIRE FACILITY: FACILITY DESIGN

NICD BSL 4 FACILITY: LABORATORY WORK • Diagnosis and Research • Development, Production and Validation of Diagnostic Reagents and Assays • Investigation of Emerging and Re-emerging Viral Diseases • Training • Developed Mobile Laboratory Unit (MLU) capacity

BSL 4 FACILITY: LABORATORY DESIGN

NICD EBOLA MOBILE LABORATORY: SIERRA LEONE • The NICD MLU was deployed, through the WHO-GOARN recruitment mechanism, in Sierra Leone, Freetown on 17 August 2014 as part of WHO EVD outbreak response in West Africa. – Aug 24: Arrival of UN delegation, including Drs. Nabaro (UN) and Fukunaga (WHO) to visit the NICD Mobile Laboratory at Lakka Hospital, Freetown. – Aug 25: President of the Republic of Sierra Leone Dr Ernest Bai Koroma and other governmental officials delegation visiting the NICD MLU at Lakka Hospital. – Aug 25: NICD MLU declared to be fully operational

MOBILE LABORATORY: FACILITY LOCATION & ASSESSMENT

MOBILE LABORATORY

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