HIFI Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared The

HIFI Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (The high resolution spectrometer for Herschel) Michel Fich HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 1

Visit the HIFI booth!!!Outline · Herschel - science - the mission · HIFI - the instrument - science - the Canadian HIFI team • what comes after Herschel? HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 2

Herschel Main Scientific Objectives Formation and evolution of galaxies and clusters in the early universe · Star formation rates, bolometric luminosities, AGN structure · Evolution of chemical elements Formation of stars & planets and physics of the interstellar medium · Tracers of structure, kinematics, chemistry in star forming regions · Circulation/enrichment of the interstellar medium · Astrochemistry – WATER · Detailed studies of nearby resolvable galaxies Cometary, planetary, and satellite atmospheres · History of the solar system · Pristine material in comets · Water activity HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 3

Herschel: The Mission • facility-class far-infrared/submm space observatory – 1/3 Guaranteed Time, 2/3 Open Time with annual calls for proposals • 3. 5 m Ritchey-Chrétien telescope that will passively cool to around 70 K • have an operational lifetime of least three years • incorporates an ISO-type liquid helium cryostat • launched by an Ariane 5 in late 2008 (with Planck) • operate from an orbit around the L 2 point in the Sun/Earth system located approximately 1. 5 million km away from the Earth in the anti-sunward direction HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 at late 4

Herschel: The Instruments • SPIRE: simultaneously imaging at 250, 350, 500 μm with 322, 242, and 162 pixels in same 4'x 4' FOV or low to medium resolution spectroscopy in 2'x 2' • PACS: spectroscopy with velocity resolution of 100 -250 km/s and 1300 -3000 km/s coverage or imaging with two 25 x 16 arrays at 80 -130 and 130 -210 μm simultaneously • HIFI: very high spectral resolution heterodyne spectroscopy spanning 480 -1250 and 1410 -1910 GHz with wide and narrow band spectrometers operating in parallel HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 5

HIFI Design block diagram HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 6

HIFI Local Oscillator Source Unit (LSU) The Canadian Hardware Contribution to HIFI • • built by COMDEV performing extremely well in tests • the LSU dimensions are 265(H) x 424(L) x 286(W) mm. HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 7

HIFI Core Science ISM in Galaxies: • Normal galaxies • Physical properties • of star-forming ISM in the Milky Way: • Structure • Dynamics (pressure) • Composition (gradients) Dense cores and star-formation: • Dynamics • Role of Water • Disks Late stages of stellar evolution: • Winds • Shells • Asymmetries • Composition Solar System: • Water in Giant Planets • Chemistry Martian atmosphere HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 8

Molecular Lines visible with HIFI H 2 O 20 lines O 2 15 lines HDO 40 lines H 218 O 24 lines CO 13 lines OH 6 lines OH+ 4 lines Plus lines of HD, HD+, H 2 D, 6 Li. H, 7 Li. H, CH+, NH+, Ne. H+, HF, SH+, HCl, Fe. H, Si. H+, CH 2, NH 3, … plus many lines from larger molecules HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 9

Science with HIFI – Water SWAS result HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 10

HIFI Key Projects (Guaranteed Time) • water in star forming regions – low mass: pre-stellar, Class 0, Class 1, outflows – intermediate mass: embedded (led by Doug Johnstone) – high mass: pre-stellar, hot cores, maps – disks – hydrides • Ori B maps and spectral surveys – Ori KL, Ori-South (led by Rene Plume), bar maps • warm ISM – PDRs, diffuse, shocks, low-UV, hydrides, C-clusters (Peter Martin on team) • Solar System – comets, mars, outer solar system • evolved stars • extragalactic – galactic centre, star bursts, ultra-luminous, AGNs, Cen A, metal-poor HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 11

Canadian HIFI Steering Committee • • • Michel Fich* (University of Waterloo) Canadian Lead Co-Investigator Doug Johnstone* (NRC/HIA) Peter Martin* (University of Toronto) Henry Matthews (NRC/HIA/DAO/DRAO) Bill Mc. Cutcheon (University of British Columbia) Rene Plume* (University of Calgary) * “Astronomy Co-Investigator” - member of the international HIFI Science Team HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 12

Canadian HIFI strategy is to maximize success rate on Open Time Proposals • we expect a call for OT proposals due no sooner than May 2009 • Canadian staff and Science Team members available as a resource to all Canadian astronomers to help with proposals • Canadian HIFI Workshop for potential users in 2009 (perhaps with CASCA meeting) • observing assistance, data analysis advice and software support will be available http: //astro. uwaterloo. ca/HIFI email: hifi@astro. uwaterloo. ca Herschel Meeting: 12: 00 – 13: 30 Friday, Esqumalt Room HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 13

What comes after Herschel? • cold telescopes (SPICA) • larger telescopes (10 meter diameter) • Interferometers Join the Far Infra. Red Discipline Working Group (FIRDWG) to learn more! http: //astro. uwaterloo. ca/~firdwg Meeting Thursday after the CASCA Business Meeting HIFI: CASCA 08, 23 May, 2008 14

The Far-IR Spatial Resolution Gap ~ 10 arcsec with micro-K sensitivity JW ST ~ 0. 005 arcsecs with few K sensitivity Uof. W Astro-lunch 29 Nov. 2006 15

Interferometers: Heterodyne vs. Direct Detection Heterodyne – detect the signals at each antenna and then combine electronically Direct Detection – combine beams, then detect signal • sensitivity • resolution • technology challenges (cost and schedule) Uof. W Astro-lunch 29 Nov. 2006 16

Dave Leisawitz NASA Based largely on the NASA-sponsored study of the Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT), Uof. W Astro-lunch 17 Nov. 2006 Origins Probe mission a 29 candidate