Hidden Universes of Information on the Internet abyznewslinks

Hidden Universes of Information on the Internet abyznewslinks. com Russ Haynal Internet Instructor, Speaker, and Paradigm Shaker Ensure the Internet is an asset, not a liability for your organization russ@navigators. com 703 -729 -1757 http: //navigators. com Note: If you send me an email, put “internet training” in the e-mail's subject Rev. 05/2015 Copyright © Russ Haynal

Course Outline Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ specific_page. html • Introduction to Internet Architecture • Preparing for a search • “Persona” issues • Search Tools - In Depth • Advanced Features • Specialized Resources • Source Evaluation • Review / Summary Online Web page = http: //navigators. com/opensource. html Page 2

Disclaimer Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ • This session illustrates a wide variety of search tools, techniques and research methods • Consult your organization’s policies to verify if these methods are approved for your types of Internet connections Page 3

Internet Definition Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ “A large collection of Inter-connected networks and computers” “A new fundamental form of communication that will absorb other communication channels” Internet represents a once per thousand year event Last such event = Gutenberg printing press Are You Literate in Today’s Online World? Page 4

Internet’s Growth Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ stats. html Page 5

Number of hosts in each Domain Top Level Domains Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ stats. html jp 74, 461, 142 tw 6, 429, 021 de 34, 904, 481 se br 33, 691, 951 be 5, 380, 902 com 163, 634, 309 it 26, 136, 473 ch edu 12, 251, 571 cn 19, 976, 554 co 4, 721, 748 mil 2, 591, 408 mx 17, 658, 991 fi fr es 4, 147, 699 net 366, 592, 151 gov 2, 304, 501 org 2, 119, 538 Source: www. isc. org as of July 2013 17, 437, 386 6, 214, 373 5, 241, 511 4, 572, 642 au 16, 900, 586 pt 4, 003, 039 ru 15, 122, 103 cz 3, 895, 833 nl 14, 011, 944 th 3, 674, 102 pl 13, 535, 863 at 3, 646, 960 ar 13, 335, 042 gr, za, no, ca 9, 004, 861 hu, nz, ro, uk 8, 116, 718 dk, il, ua in us 2, 087, 768 7, 429, 638 tr 7, 146, 979 Page 6

Example Backbone Maps Level 3 Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ isp. html Sprint AT&T C&W Verizon Page 7

Backbones Connecting Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ traceroute. html For a complete picture, initiate traceroutes from within several different backbones backbone ISP- A large organization backbone ISP- B g rin e e P e vat i r P regional ISP #1 hosting data center regional ISP #2 Exchange Point Backbone ISP Server Client Regional ISP Enterprise LAN/Wan Page 8

Exchange Point Traffic Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ isp. html • Notice the daily fluctuations - Analysts may want to “schedule” their research • Traffic continues to grow rapidly in many locations Source: http: //www. hkix. net Page 9

Russ Haynal How Does it Work? Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ traceroute. html • Internet started as “Packet Switching Networks” using TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol - Internet Protocol) • Every Internet connection has a unique IP Address consisting of 4 numbers, each number has a range of 0 -255 (e. g. 198. 211. 16. 134) • IP numbers are allocated through a hierarchy – IANA ARIN / RIPE / APNIC / LACNIC / AFRINIC ISP/company/country • Routers direct your packets of information along the “preferred” path Router Router Note: The next version of IP address space (IPV 6) is LARGE 3, 911, 873, 538, 269, 506, 102 IP #’s per square meter of the Earth's surface 4, 500, 000, 000 IP #’s for every observable star in the universe Page 10

Domain Name System Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ domain_name. html • The Domain Name System (DNS) associates alpha -numeric names with IP addresses • Names are registered with commercial registrars such as Go Daddy or country-specific registrars • DNS Servers are distributed throughout the Internet - They act as a set of inter-linked phone books • You enter “www. navigators. com”, DNS servers match it to “ 198. 171. 173. 51” • Historical meaning for domain names –. com=commercial . net= Internet Provider –. uk = United kingdom . pk= Pakistan . org = non-profit . ru = Russia • Reality…. Many country domain names are for sale to ANYONE from ANYWHERE Page 11

Web Server / Web Site Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ Web pages = htm, html Graphics = gif, jpg Other files =pdf, ppt, doc, txt, exe, zip Web site = the content Web server = computer with server software and reliable Internet connection Page 12

A more complex environment User Browser Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ Online Hosting typed form Web server Application server page data • Internet users interact with web server • Web server query is passed along to database • The content of the database is only displayed TEMPORARILY in a web page that is created in response to USER-actions. • Most database content is unreachable by search engines Page 13

Accessing a Web Page 1. Browser requests URL: http: //www. company. com/sales/gadget. html 2. Connect to web server Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ company. com Sales gadget. html 5. background communications: Graphics, cookies, etc 4. Browser displays gadget. html, requests graphics, and eventually terminates connection to the server logo. gif 3. Server sends gadget. html from its sales directory “Document not found”? - Try shortening the URL! Page 14

Course Outline Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ specific_page. html • Introduction to Internet Architecture • Preparing for a search • “Persona” issues • Search Tools - In Depth • Advanced Features • Specialized Resources • Source Evaluation • Review / Summary Page 15

Introduction to “Persona” Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ persona. html As you surf the Internet, you give-off a certain persona URL 1 Web Server Analyst Webmaster URL 2 Internet Access logs Reports • While viewing a web page (URL 1), you click on a hyperlink to another web page (URL 2) • Your web browser sends “environment variables” to the web server • Webmaster’s use this information to determine information about you and your organization (physical location, your interests, software ) You should always know what websites know about you Page 16

Persona Details Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ persona. html • Your persona is communicated to every web server that you visit • You should understand your persona before you visit any website For example, should you visit: – badguy. com from agency. gov? Your persona is communicated via “environment variables” such as: • REMOTE_HOST = This is the name associated with your IP Number • REMOTE_ADDR= This is the IP number of your computer, or proxy. A webmaster could do a traceroute to see how you are connected • HTTP_REFERER = This is the URL of the page you were previously viewing. Be careful on how you create web pages. For example, do you want to reveal the following? : – http: //badguy. com is listed on http: //intranet. agency. gov/joe_smith/investigation_targets. html? • Persona details may also be transmitted via Java applets (e. g. ga. js) and Adobe flash Page 17

Russ Haynal A Typical Scenario. . . Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ persona. html searchtool. com ” s m r te Analyst “s ch r a e webmaster hits http: //searchtool. com/query=searchterms page Persona: - agency. gov OR - town. ninja. com destination. com webmaster searchtool. com webmaster knows your “search terms” destination. com webmaster knows what “search terms” you used to find them Page 18

Always check your Persona Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ persona. html Important note: This test page is most accurate when you click on a link to arrive at this page. This is a key paragraph to look for… If this is missing, then no referring URL is being passed via http_referer • Several persona testers are listed at navigators. com/persona. html Page 19

Think before you click. . . Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ persona. html • Does your connection transmit a referring URL? • IF IT DOES. . . do NOT “Click” on your search results http: //www. google. com/query=terrorist_&start=110 Referring URL Hover the link to see its URL • Clicking on this link will tell orgnet. com’s webmaster that you found them while searching for “terrorist” Page 20

Russ Haynal Exposing a “less recognizable” persona Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ persona. html Analyst #1: uses agency. gov persona to visit “targets” Analyst #2: uses “ninja. com” persona to visit “targets” Result: “ninja” persona may be recognized as “agency. gov” visitor The “parallel visit” Problem. . . Analyst #1 agency. gov target. com Analyst #2 ninja. com Even with no http_referer, a webmaster can still make the association due to high volume hits, usage patterns, software footprint, etc. The “portal” Problem. . . Analyst #1 Analyst #2 agency_portal. com/page_names agency. gov ninja. com Persona=agency. gov + referrer = portal target. com Persona=ninja. com + referrer = portal Page 21

Course Exercises Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ Student-chosen topic – You will search for the same topic throughout the course. This allows you to compare results among the various search tools / techniques. Pick a topic you can stay with for 2 days A combination of lecture, demo, and hands-on exercises will occur for each major search tool as follows: Lecture - I will introduce the search tool/technique (Please refrain from using your computer) Demo - I will demonstrate the tool/technique (Please refrain from using your computer) Individual search – You search your chosen topic - Be an “explorer”, not a “camper” - Add many favorites, and keep going Page 22

Plan out your Internet Research Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_methodology. html • Spell it Out - Define the topic, spell it out, key words, acronyms, “what” and “who” • Strategize - Choose your approach, online resources, specific search tools • Search - Get online, stay focused, use advanced search features • Sift - Filter the results, follow the leads • Save – Make bookmarks, take notes, organize results, share with co-workers Page 23

Spell out the topic. . . Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_methodology. html 1. Name of topic, and what do you want to learn about the topic __________________________________________________________________ 2. Spell out the topic (search terms, acronyms, abbreviations) common, simple terms obscure, specific terms _______________________________ _______________________________ 3. Make a list of “who” might publish such information (industry association, government agency, NGO’s, user group etc. ) __________________________________________________________________ Page 24

Follow All Good Leads in Parallel Page A Results link. A link. B link. C link 1 link 2 link 3 link. A link. B link. C link. X link. Y link. Z Page Y link. M link. N link. O Many users follow only one good lead at a time Valuable links B&C never get explored. . . Page A Results Page 1 Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ multiple_browsers. html link 1 link 2 link 3 Page B link 1 link 2 link 3 Page C link 1 link 2 link 3 Page 1 link. X link. Y link. Z Page Y link. M link. N link. O • Right-click to open each link in its own browser window (or tab) • Switch between windows = “ALT-tab” • Switch between tabs= “CTRL-tab” • Note: http_referrer is still transmitted • Do NOT launch multiple browsers from desktop or start-menu Page 25

Course Outline Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ specific_page. html • Introduction to Internet Architecture • Preparing for a search • “Persona” issues • Search Tools - In Depth • Advanced Features • Specialized Resources • Source Evaluation • Review / Summary Page 26

Overview of Search Tools Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tool_intro. html • Search Engine (Google, Bing) – Large database – text from billions of clickable pages • Directory (dmoz. org) – Manually built subject tree – links to millions of web sites • “User Pages” (Joe’s guide to widgets) – Built by subject experts - hundreds of topic-related links Pick the right tool. . . Each tool has strengths and weaknesses Page 27

Directory ( www. dmoz. org, dir. yahoo. com) Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tool_intro. html • Links are grouped by topic • Pages are manually built Filer may not be a subject-expert ctor Dire y URL’s & Descriptions (submitted by users) • Good for early stages of search, general subjects Page 28

Russ Haynal Class Exercise – browsing a directory Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ • Go to www. dmoz. org • Do NOT use the “search box” • “Explore” for your topic by clicking through categories / sub-categories / • When you reach the “bottom” of a subject tree, right-click “open new window” any useful links • Make bookmarks of any good websites (including websites that are “close enough” to your topic) Page 29

Searching a directory. . . Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tool_intro. html • Searches the text within the directory’s own web pages • Use search terms that would appear in: – category titles – web site’s brief description • You are NOT searching the websites, just their brief description Page 30

Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tools. html Class Exercise: Searching a directory • Go to www. dmoz. org • Type into the search box • Enter only a few simple searchterms – name of category / name of website – keyword from website’s brief description • Do not just click on search results NO Yes • Instead, click on the category to see this hit and additional websites which may not have used your particular search terms Page 31

Russ Haynal Search Engines Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tool_intro. html ( google. com , bing. com) Your PC Search Engine Search Interface Indexer Indexed Database Robot Cached Web pages copied Web page Web Servers • Search engine’s “robot” clicks through Internet, copies web pages into its database • Supports detailed keyword searches • Learn the features & options of each search engine You must envision the target page “Use your imagination” e. g. Try adding “resume” or “curriculum vitae” to your search terms Page 32

Class Exercise: Using a search engine Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tools. html • Go to google. com and bing. com • Enter identical terms into both search engines (make sure search terms remain unchanged) • Look through the search results – Which gave more hits? – Are top-ten hits the same? • Add additional specific search terms as needed to focus the search results • Make bookmarks of any good websites Page 33

Search Engine Comparison Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tools. html • http: //ranking. thumbshots. com – Global Search Stats Compares the first sixty hits from two search engines you select • Notice on this search for “jihad’, only 12 out of 60 hits appeared in both Google and Yahoo… Most hits are unique to each search engine Source: com. Score q. Search • News, forums and analysis of search engines Page 34

Which have you bookmarked? Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tools. html basic search advanced search • Advanced search page can be used just as easily as basic search page • Seeing these options might remind you to use them Key Tip: Limit your searches to PDF or Powerpoint files to quickly locate detailed content from great web sites www. google. com/advanced_search and www. google. com/preferences Page 35

Russ Haynal Google’s Cached Issues… Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ cached. html Leads your browser to live website Google stores the text of a cached webpage. The graphics, videos, etc. are still downloaded by your browser from the live website. To view a “text only” version of Google’s cache… 1) Cut and paste this text into your browser address bar: http: //webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? strip=1&q=cache: 2) Add your desired address onto the end of the above string for example: webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? strip=1&q=cache: navigators. com/isp. html no space Page 36

www. yippy. com Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tools. html • Yippy examines the first couple hundred hits, and groups them together into “clouds” • View the 10 -15 hits you really want without reading through 200 mixed search results • Ixquick. com - searches multiple search tools • Stars show number of search engines that gave site a top 10 ranking Page 37

Web Analytics (alexa. com, urlm. com, urlm. co. uk) Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tools. html • Like most toolbars and browser extensions, it “spies” on its users • Some of the information collected via the toolbar is available for free at alexa. com • Top sites listed by country or subject area • Enter a domain name • Study web analytics and “related” sites This is a great way to quickly assess the popularity of a website, and audience demographics Page 38

“User Pages” • • Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tool_intro. html Focused on a specific subject Developed by “experts” in that field (or a person with passion for subject) • Often contains “the best” online resources Potential weblink Info Expert Page 39

Finding “User pages” • • Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_universes. html Announced to Dmoz and other directories Listed at wikipedia, wikimapia Groups of users at forums, blogs and mailing lists Watch for sites labeled: “Joe’s ultimate guide to widgets” “User pages” often point to other “user pages” “Surfing Upstream” from several related sites Ask other researchers – there are several sites that everyone knows as “the best” Interactive, live communication (Chat, VOIP, virtual worlds) Page 40

Wiki ____ Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ • A Wiki allows immediate creation and editing of pages by “anyone” • Wikipedia. org – Encyclopedia that can be instantly edited by ANY Internet user • Good starting point for many subjects to gain an overview of the topic • Page can be biased from the most recent editor • Some entries get “locked-down” due to vandalism • old. wikimapia. org – same concept applied to maps • “map type” google map: zoom to the right location • “map type” “wikimapia classic” : to see comments • To learn about the author: click on a comment box menu history the user’s name stats then clicking on the stat numbers listed shows every place that user has added Page 41

Blogs and Forums Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_universes. html • A Web Log (blog) is usually owned by one person • Owner can post a log of their daily activities, or post ongoing comments about a topic • Others may also be allowed to add comments onto the blog • Wordpress and blogger are popular sites • • • Forum – discussion focused on a particular topic Many users can participate by posting messages Moderators may “police” comments that are considered off-topic Try searching for: Searchterms forum post - to find a forum that discusses your topic Searchterms forum post replies views – to find individual threads and messages that discuss your topic • Membership requirements are a barrier to search engine robots • Vbulletin is a popular program used on many forums Page 42

Surfing Upstream vs. Downstream Target. com #1 “Upstream” #2 Target. com Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_upstream. html “Joe’s guide to MANY targets” #3 Target. com Target 2. net #1 Most researchers follow the links “downstream” from an interesting page #2 Shows pages that link towards the target (=upstream) This is an Indication of the page’s “popularity” = who knows about target. com #3 Shows pages that link to both target sites … = “user pages” for that topic Page 43

Be Creative When Surfing Upstream Example: Washington DC Tourist Sites Theatre links www. fordstheatre. org DC Tourism Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_upstream. html Museums / Educational www. nasm. si. edu (air & space museum) www. kennedy-center. org www. spymuseum. org • Any combination of these target pages will lead you to “DC Tourism” pages, but certain pairings may also lead you to subject-specific pages Page 44

Russ Haynal Surfing Upstream Details search format at google or bing Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_upstream. html search results “www. example. com” contain text: www. example. com “www. example. com/page. A. html” contain text of the specific page address +“www. example 1. com” +“www. example 2. com” contain text of both example site addresses This is a great way to discover “user pages” (e. g. Joe's guide to many example-sites) • You need to decide which scenario makes more sense; Row #1 or Row #2 e. g. who links to the home page of the entire site vs, who links to a specific webpage within the site • A 3 rd and 4 th site can be added if they are popular enough • Note: do not include “http: //” Page 45

Russ Haynal Searching within a site or domain name search format at google Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_upstream. html search results site: example. com pages hosted on any kind of example. com servers (www. example. com, blog. example. com, etc). This is a quick way to assess the size/depth of a web domain site: example. com searchterm pages hosted at example. com which mention "searchterm" site: ru searchterm pages hosted on. ru servers which mention "searchterm" site: ac. ru nuclear pages hosted on any academic. Russian servers which mention nuclear site: iaea. org iran filetype: pdf PDF documents hosted at iaea web servers which mention iran. • This technique can save you weeks of search time • Much faster than reading through thousands of web pages from a large website • “use your imagination” to focus these searches • Note: do not include “http: //” or “www” Page 46

Who knows about your topic? (google search terms in red) Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_upstream. html Example: Iranian cell phone Company (Irancell-MTN) Topic’s own website Marketing information Press announcement site: irancell. ir m su Re Employees Resumes, Job Postings resume irancell site: linkedin. com irancell Customers Service issues, technology insights Irancell forum post site: mob. ir irancell Government Regulations, license site: gov. ir irancell Industry Magazine News, vendors, maps, Management interviews site: gsma. com iran e’ Equipment vendor Phones, networks Press announcement site: nokia. com iran Construction vendor Towers, networks site: vendorsname. com iran Investors Ownership, disclosures Page 47

Course Outline Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ specific_page. html • Introduction to Internet Architecture • Preparing for a search • “Persona” issues • Search Tools - In Depth • Advanced Features • Specialized Resources • Source Evaluation • Review / Summary Page 48

Russ Haynal The “clickable web” is TINY Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tool_specialized. html Total online material Email World Wide Web (Clickable pages) Search 1. Initial Search Blogs Forums Engines Specialized Databases 2. De tailed = 1000 X larger than the web Sear ch Multimedia Closed systems © navigators. com • Many detailed searches are a two-step process – find the specialized database – then type appropriate query into that database Page 49

Russ Haynal Lists of databases Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tool_specialized. html • For specific information, use a specialized search tool – Get “deeper” results than a general search engine • Thousands of search engines are listed • Search engines are grouped according to the subject they cover . com 70, 000 databases . net 55, 000 public record databases • Or do your own search for the organization that would host the specialized database Page 50

Russ Haynal Specialized Databases Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tool_specialized. html • A phone book for the entire U. S. Includes reverse look-ups • Worldwide list of manufactures • Real-time tracking of ships from around the world • Federal Register and much more Specialized databases contain content that search engines can’t reach Page 51

Business databases can be quite useful Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ search_tool_specialized. html • Most publicly held companies are required to file financial statements with the Securities Exchange Commission • These filings are online at SEC’s EDGAR database • READ forms 10 -Q and 10 -K (quarterly and annual report) These are very detailed reports about the company’s activities, plans, sales, etc • Seek out other business databases: financial, investment, Patents, government regulatory, etc • Databases may be available at your library (internal or public) Page 52

Many country resources are online Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ country_specific_content. html Assess popularity of resources using Alexa, or do a quick search using site: at Google Phone books Page 53

Course Outline Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ specific_page. html • Introduction to Internet Architecture • Preparing for a search • “Persona” issues • Search Tools - In Depth • Advanced Features • Specialized Resources • Source Evaluation • Review / Summary Page 54

Many countries sell their domains Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ domain_name. html • These were just some of the country domains available for sale • “All Domains” happens to be a licensed “registrar” for these countries • There are many additional countries who sell their domain names to “anyone” Page 55

Learn about the 2 -letter code Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ domain_name. html • Visit your county’s domain name registrar – www. iana. org/domains/root/db OR – www. norid. no/domenenavnbaser/domreg. html • What is the policy for getting a domain name? (citizenship, trademark, local presence, money) – What is the cost to register a domain name? – Are there any censorship clauses? • Does the registrar require any proof of identity? (drivers license, passport, business license) • Is there a whois service? (make a bookmark) Page 56

http: //www. norid. no/regelverk/rammer/regelverksmodeller. en. html Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ domain_name. html An analysis of domain name policies Most countries sell their domain names to “anybody” Page 57

Domain Names for Sale • Only 29%. HT domain names were registered to people with a Haitian address • 48% of Haiti’s Domain names were registered to U. S addresses • When you see a. ht website… is it necessarily foreign? Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ domain_name. html 1000+ new domains! Mailing address for. HT Domain Owners Haiti United States Page 58

Source evaluation Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ sesseval. html • Pick apart the URL: • Determine where “ownership” of the web page begins – www. facebook. com/joesmith/info. html – www. joesmith. com/stuff/info. html • Browse the directories (shorten URL if necessary) • Look at domain’s home page - Is it a web hosting site? Is “pathname” a user account? • IF the domain home page looks like the “owner” of the content, then you can move forward with whois and traceroute Page 59

Source Evaluation - Using WHOIS Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ whois. html • Domain names are “registered” at Internet registrars (global, country-specific) • Each registrar develops its own policies – may sell to anyone/anywhere (. com, . org, . net, . tv, . pk ) – may have strict qualification requirements (. gov, . mil, . au) • Registrants provide “point of contact” information, for at least invoicing purposes • Domain “point of contact” information is often available from the registrars’ database via a “WHOIS” query • WHOIS contents may be inaccurate, although usually the email, or postal address will be correct to receive renewal invoice Page 60

Performing a “Whois Query” Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ whois. html • “whois” reveals the “owner” of a domain (searchenginewatch. com) Administrative contact: Ron Doobay HAYMARKET HOUSE 28 -29 HAYMARKET LONDON SW 1 Y 4 RX UK +44. 2074849700 +44. 2079302238 dns@incisivemedia. com • Spam concerns has lead to many domain names being registered via “privacy enhanced” options Technical contact: Domain Administrator 3 rd Floor Prospero House 241 Borough High Street Borough London SE 1 1 GA UK +44. 2070159370 +44. 2070159375 corporate-services@netnames. com Created on: 1998 -03 -20 Expires on: 2016 -03 -19 Domain name servers: NS 3. INCBASE. NET 85. 133. 68. 200 NS 2. INCBASE. NET 62. 140. 213. 136 NS 1. INCBASE. NET 62. 140. 213. 135 Page 61

Russ Haynal Traceroute Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ traceroute. html • Shows a network path between 2 machines • Traceroute designed to help de-bug network connections • Can initiate traceroute from your workstation, or from public “traceroute servers” located throughout the Internet • Each Internet provider has their own naming convention for their infrastructure – Location labels: City names or 3 -letter airport codes – Exchange points (LINX, HKIX, AMS-IX) – Infrastructure Topology (T 3, FDDI, GE, SMW 3) • A website can be hosted anywhere – Could be at organizations’ building, but may be hosted at a well-connected web hosting facility Page 62

Results of Traceroute Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ traceroute. html traceroute output from WWW. Telcom. Arizona. EDU to www. nsa. gov: 1 128. 196. 128. 253 (128. 196. 128. 253) 1 ms 2 192. 80. 43. 25 (192. 80. 43. 25) 1 ms Time-Warner and Alternet may 3 192. 80. 43. 58 (192. 80. 43. 58) 1 ms peer at Los Angeles 4 207. 250. 65. 133 (207. 250. 65. 133) 5 ms 5 core-01 -ge. phnx. twtelecom. net (209. 234. 146. 45) 5 ms 6 core-02 -so. lsag. twtelecom. net (168. 215. 53. 73) 17 ms 7 tran-01 -ge. lsag. twtelecom. net (168. 215. 54. 98) 17 ms 8 POS 1 -1. GW 3. LAX 1. ALTER. NET (208. 222. 8. 245) 17 ms 9 CL 2. LAX 4. ALTER. NET (152. 63. 52. 246) 18 ms 10 TL 2. LAX 9. ALTER. NET (152. 63. 115. 146) 18 ms 11 so. TL 2. DCA 8. ALTER. NET (152. 63. 3. 193) 74 ms 12 so. XL 2. DCA 8. ALTER. NET (152. 63. 35. 250) 74 ms 13 ATM 6 -0. GW 3. BWI 1. ALTER. NET (152. 63. 39. 41) 76 ms 14 * * * Baltimore airport code 15 * * * Traceroute and other online resources help reveal the dynamic architecture of the Internet Page 63

A Foreign Newspaper ? ? ? URL = http: //www. eldia. com. ar Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ • “. ar” implies the site is from Argentina? • Traceroute reveals this website is physically hosted in the U. S. traceroute from WWW. Telcom. Arizona. EDU to www. eldia. com. ar: 1 woody-netops. telcom. Arizona. EDU (128. 196. 128. 1) 1 ms …. . 8 peer-01 -ge. chcg. twtelecom. net (168. 215. 53. 194) 46 ms …. 10 r 01. chcgil 01. us. bb. verio. net (129. 250. 2. 254) 48 ms 11 r 02. stngva 01. us. bb. verio. net (129. 250. 5. 103) 83 ms 12 ge. r 0728. stngva 01. us. wh. verio. net (129. 250. 27. 219) 81 ms 13 ge. stngva 01. us. wh. verio. net (161. 58. 129. 13) 81 ms 14 noticiasargentinas. com (161. 58. 165. 155) 80 ms 81 ms • Chicago, Illinois • Sterling, Virginia • wh = web hosting Page 64

Build a web page in 5 minutes • • Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ developer. html Launch microsoft word Type, type (be creative) File save as web page Make a hyperlink: – Highlight some text : “insert menu” -> hyperlink” – Type complete URL (e. g. http: / /www. cnn. com ) Test the page file preview in browser Borrow a graphic “right-click” CNN logo “Save image” (C/temp) Insert a graphic : “insert menu” “insert image” from file Upload the finished page: announce to Google, Bing, etc Any webmaster only requires this 5 minutes worth of knowledge Page 65

Course Outline Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ specific_page. html • Introduction to Internet Architecture • Preparing for a search • “Persona” issues • Search Tools - In Depth • Advanced Features • Specialized Resources • Source Evaluation • Review / Summary Page 66

Each search tool is different Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ • Each search tool has it’s own unique set of defaults and options • Take the time to learn the options of each tool – Don’t assume anything • These tools are competing, trying to be unique • Read the help Page 67

Search - Review Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ • Stay organized in your search – (spell, strategize, search , sift, save) • Be conscious of the type of tool you are using (and read its help) • The “right” search terms, placed correctly into the “right” search tool, should quickly yield “good” results • Discover the best “user pages” and online communities for your topic - follow their leads (They have already weeded through the junk) • Stay organized in saving your discoveries Page 68

Search Scenario • • • Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ Create bookmark folder Explore topic areas at directories or wikipedia Watch for “user pages” Are there databases or forums for the topic Surf upstream to find additional “user pages” Save search engines for specific, obscure search terms - use advanced features (pdf) Page 69

Several open sources can be combined to build a complete picture Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ Satellite imagery follows cable Start with a simple cable map Nautical charts show exact cable locations FCC Filings, Building Permits, etc. provide additional details: fcc. gov filings: “ 12. C&W USA states that the Apollo Cable landing stations in the United States will be located in New York and New Jersey. In New York, the cable landing station will be located in Tritec Park, Brookhaven Technology Center, Shirley, New York, at coordinates 40º 50 minutes 30 seconds north and 72º 53 minutes 4 seconds west. ” Newspaper / Building Permit Section: “USA Apollo Cable Landing Station, Ramsay Rd. and Precision Dr. , site plan-land division station, construct 25, 573 -square-foot one-story building to house computer equipment for a fiber optic cable landing station on one lot of a two-lot land division in Phase 1. External generators and associated above-ground vaulted diesel fuel tanks to be installed in Phase II. Cable & Wireless USA, Shirley. ” Reference: http: //cryptome. org/eyeball/cable-eyeball. htm Here is the cable landing station Page 70

Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ persona_example. html web. archive. org User PC User Interface Robot Recent copy copied web page Web Servers • Archive. org robot collects web pages like other search engines • Previous web page copies are not deleted Archive copies • Surf through previous copies of a web site • Deleting sensitive information from today’s web server does not remove it from archive. org • “document not found”? – Paste the address into archive. org • Viewing archived web pages will cause hits to live target website Page 71

The Future of the Internet Content transport Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ Consumer of content • Types of content – Information, entertainment, business, leisure • Content origins – corporations, hollywood, other people • Content formats – text, audio, video, interactive reality • Transport mechanism – Phone line (copper/fiber), coaxial cable, wireless, direct satellite, electric lines Mergers and acquisitions are occurring horizontally and vertically Page 72

Summary Russ Haynal Internet Instructor & Speaker http: / /navigators. com/ • • Internet contains a large, fragmented information space Search engines are limited to billions of “clickable” pages The best content is organized by “people without lives” The Internet will transcend all other communication technologies • Change is the only constant The Future is Clear. . . Master the Information Superhighway or Become Roadkill Page 73