Hidden in plain view Human Trafficking 101 Human

Hidden in plain view: Human Trafficking 101

Human Trafficking What do you know? What do you want to know?

HT 101 Objectives Define human trafficking Identify processes of recruitment Recognize Red Flags of potential human trafficking Analyze cases of human trafficking Preventing What and Identifying trafficking can I do to help

What is Human Trafficking Exploitation of persons for commercial sex or forced labor Does not require moving a victim Force, fraud, or coercion used to recruit and control victims Involves both foreign born and US Citizens/Nationals Victims will rarely identify themselves as a victim Do not need to be “locked up” by traffickers, sometimes participate in normal activities

Two Types of Trafficking Sex trafficking: the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act, in which the commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion. or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age Labor Trafficking: the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.

Federal Definition As defined by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000: Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age; or The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery

Key Components Means Force: How traffickers gather their victims Fraud: Luring victims to a promise of a better life Kidnapping, rape, physical and mental abuse; food/sleep deprivation; drug addiction Offers of education, employment, & higher pay; Promises that debts incurred can be quickly paid off Coercion: Keeping victims enslaved Threats against friends, family; taking of documents; threats of deportation

Basic Dynamics Easier to smuggle people than drugs or weapons People are reusable and resalable Victims are a dispensable commodity, readily replaceable Mafias or loosely organized crime networks Hidden in ethnic enclaves and cultural taboos Allure of the “American Dream”; promise of a better life Overwhelming demand for goods and sex

Basic Dynamics Risk Easier to smuggle people than drugs or weapons VS Profit Reusable Resalable Replaceable

3 Elements Necessary to Meet Trafficking Definition 1 Action 2 Means Providing r o n i M 3 Purpose for the purpose of OR by Recruiting Force OR OR Harboring Fraud OR Or Moving Coercion Involuntary Servitude OR Debt Bondage OR Slavery OR OR Obtaining Commercial Sexual Exploitation a person

Vulnerability Gender/Sexual Identity Lack of Acceptance Lack of Education Poverty What makes people vulnerable? Homelessness Drug Abuse History of Abuse Culture Immigration Status Lack of Resources Disability Race/Ethnicity Limited English Proficiency

Who Can Be Vulnerable to Trafficking?

Vulnerability 15 7 18 21 32 What is the average Age of a Trafficked Victim? 5 13 25 16 29 55 11 10 40

Case of Khalil At the age of 15, Khalil's family sent him to live with his uncle in New York after experiencing severe financial troubles at home in Central Asia. Before he arrived, his uncle promised that he would be registered for school and would only work part -time in his corner store. But when he arrived he was put straight to work. Khalil was forced to do domestic work in his uncle's home all day, and he also had to work as the cashier in the store until late every night. His uncle never offered to pay him for his work and insisted that Khalil was selfish to want to continue his education. What could have made Khalil vulnerable to trafficking?

Human Trafficking: Recruitment and Control

Newspaper Ads Online Friends /Family Business Fronts How are victims recruited? Fake Employment Word of Mouth

What are Victims Recruited with? With Promises of: Work Education Higher Pay Housing Love/Marriage

Types of Jobs for Recruitment? Labor Trafficking Sex Trafficking Domestic Servitude – Maids, Nannies, Housekeepers Pimp Controlled Prostitution “Mom and Pop” Operations – Landscaping, Nail Salons, Construction, etc. Escort Services Industrial Cleaning Residential/Underground Brothels Large Scale – Agriculture and Factories Hotels/Motels Service Industry – Hotels and Restaurants Online Exploitation Peddling Rings – Magazine Sales, Sales Crews Truck Stops Massage Parlors Hostess Clubs/Cantina Bars Exotic Dancing Pornography

Social Media

How Can this situation be apart of Human Trafficking?

Human Trafficking vs. Smuggling Trafficking Violation against a border Crime against a person No coercion Contains an element of coercion, force or fraud Illegal entry only Subsequent exploitation and/or forced labor Smuggled person is a violator Trafficked person is a victim Commodity is transportation Commodity is a person Smuggling Trafficking

S MUGGLINGOR T RAFFICKING? Sonia was invited to come to the United States by family friends, and told that she could work for them as a housekeeper, and they would pay her $100. 00 a week. Sonia was provided with fraudulent documents and departed for the United States with her new employer. She knew that this was illegal, but she needed the money, and was willing to take the risk. Was Sonia smuggled or trafficked? Upon arriving in the United States, Sonia was kept in isolation, she was given a place to sleep in the basement and told not to speak to anyone or she would be turned over to the Immigration Service. Sonia was never paid for her work and felt that she had no one to turn to for help. Source: The Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center Was Sonia smuggled or trafficked?

Teen /Child Trafficking Red Flags Having relationships with older men Evidence of controlling relationships Sexual online profile Truancy/Tardiness Secrecy regarding whereabouts Suddenly has money, toys, or other gifts Exhibits adult-like sexual behaviors, language, or knowledge New words for body parts – not age appropriate Asks other children to behave sexually or play sexual games Behavior regression FORCE, FRAUD, OR COERCION ARE NOT REQUIRED IN CASES INVOLVING MINORS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL SEX.

General Red Flags Live on/near work premises or with employer Restricted/controlled communication or movement – isolated or under surveillance Frequently moved Lack of personal possessions/documents Limited knowledge about surrounding area History of domestic violence Underpaid or unpaid

Red Flag Statements Language of Circumstances “Slave” or “slave-like” Making money for boyfriend “Treated me as a slave” Not allowed to go shopping “I can’t talk long” Must stay in room when visitors in house “I am being forced” Sleeps in basement or garage Being “sold” Escorted or supervised when out Threats of deportation Not allowed/cannot have friends Passport taken away Not allowed to leave house Told to lie about age Eats meals separately from family S/he is making me Told would be deported

Prevention Educating your self on what Human Trafficking is and Looks like Watch the company you keep. Do not accept friendships online with people you do not know. Do not text with people you don’t know Do not type information about yourself or feelings online Do not go anywhere unfamiliar if you are not with a trusted guardian Learn how and when to call 911. If you are scared of someone, RUN to safety. It’s okay to be RUDE to a adults if you feel you are being threated or unsafe. Learn the difference between an “OKAY” secret and a “NOT OKAY” secret and beware of an adult or peer that asks you to keep a secret from parents. Avoid shortcuts when you are walking from one place to another. Tell your parents or a trusted adult if someone is asking you to do something that makes you feel uncomfortable. Listen to your “Uh Oh” voice. Always ask your parents for permission before getting on the Internet. Never talk to people online without your parent’s permission. Never fear someone else threatening you to keep a secret and not tell your parents.

Look after yourself and your Friends

So what Can I do to make a difference? • Educate yourself About Human Trafficking www. free 2 work. org http: //fairtradeusa. org/shopping-guide • Volunteer at events that spread awareness • Join a Coalition or Create a group at your school to educate and spread awareness W

Become a conscientious consumer Shop second hand stores to keep profits local Buy refurbished electronics to decrease demand of the minerals used in production, which are mined by children & slaves.

Learning apps, websites and projects http: //slaveryfootprint. org/mobile 2. html http: //banhumantrafficking. com/en/ https: //redsandproject. org/

What if I Suspect Human Trafficking? Call 911 if in immediate danger Tell a responsible adult Call the National Human Trafficking Resource Center at 1. 888. 3737. 888 (24 hour line) If child/minor contact Child Abuse/Neglect Hotline at 1. 800. 392. 3738 (MO) or 1. 800. 252. 2873 (IL) Call the Eastern Missouri, Southern Illinois during regular business hours at 314. 773. 9090

Questions

For More Information: Carmen R. Guynn M. B. A. , E. B. C Anti-Trafficking Community Advocate Dancers Against Human Trafficking adrdancestl@gmail. com Office: 314 -651 -2908 National Human Trafficking Hotline Call: 1 -888 -3737 -888