HIBISCUS General Objective Impact of tropical convection on
HIBISCUS General Objective Impact of tropical convection on the stratosphere at global scale Specific objectives : • Past and present meteorological analyses • Vertical and horizontal transport • Clouds and microphysics • Source of stratospheric water vapour • Chemistry, impact of lightning and pollution • Satellite validation 5 th EC framework programme (2002 -2004)
Scientific objectives HIBISCUS is to study the impact of tropical convection on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) at meso- and global scale Cold point Summer – Tracers for Convection and vertical transport – H 2 O and dehydration mechanisms in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) Stratosphere – Aerosols, sub-visible cirrus clouds microphysics and radiative impact – Chemistry : impact of lifted short lived species, clouds, TTL Troposphere Tropopause NOx from thunderstorms, impact on ozone. – Meso-scale and small scale horizontal and vertical waves – Testing of meteorological models (temperature, winds) – Global scale meridional transport through the tropical barrier – Satellite data validation (ESA-Envisat, NASA - Sage III) and interpretation Þ Meso-scale (typ. 500 km) : small short duration balloon flights for high resolution in the TTL Þ Global scale : long duration balloon flights around the world (MIR and BPS)
Convection at the Tropics in SH summer SPCZ SACZ Maritime Continent ITCZ Eq Satellite Image composite 25 March 2004 OSCAR 12. 4/yr Hurricane Season Dec-April: SW Indian FAY 9. 9/yr 6. 4/yr NE Indian W Pacific
HIBISCUS Global scale • Long duration constant level flights at 18/19 km in LS: Met models, gravity / inertia waves, O 3, H 2 O • Long duration MIR flights: ozone, NOx, H 2 O, clouds, 6 to 25 km • ENVISAT- GOMOS: O 3, NO 2, H 2 O, T, 15 -60 km • ODIN-SMR : O 3, N 2 O, HDO, H 2 O isotopes, 15 -50 km • Other satellite instruments, SHADOZ ozonesondes • REPROBUS, TOMCAT, LMDz photochemical models • MIMOSA PV contour advection (Preliminary flight tests in 2001 and 2003)
Global scale : Stratospheric super-pressure balloons (BPS) BP D 1, Feb 29 th 2004 • Constant density level • 60 or 80 h. Pa ; 10 m or 8. 5 m diameter • 20 to 30 kg at hook • LMD Rumba gondola : in situ P, T, wind, 3 D location every 15 minutes • 6 HIBISCUS flights with UCAM O 3/H 2 O (x 3) or LMD Turbulence (x 3)
Stratospheric super-pressure balloons (BPS) • Height flights at 80 and 60 h. Pa Bauru • P, T, GPS loc and alt • Launch dates : from Feb 06 th to March 11 th 2004 • Flight durations : up to 79 days • 25 000 observation points Courtesy : A. Hertzog
MIR-SAOZ #1, Feb 04 th 2004 Infra-red Montgolfier (MIR) • 45 000 m 3 • ~ 60 kg at hook • Day/night excursion : 28 km/20 -22 km • Remote sensing in the UT/LS • SA SAOZ Vis-near IR spectrometer : chemistry, clouds, H 2 O (x 2) • ENEA Micro-lidar : clouds (x 1) • IR radiometer • CNES Inmarsat gondola (TM, TC) MIR-SAOZ #2 Launch : Feb 26 th, 2004 39 days 70 profiles MIR µ-Lidar Launch : March 10 th, 2004 7 days Cirrus and Anvils
Satellites and sondes at 22± 5°S in February 2003 Mean profile Difference with SAOZ Variability Bias and alt. registration Satellites: Precision - Excellent coverage in stratosphere (accuracy dependent on technique) - Little reliable in tropical troposphere
Ozone at 20°S MIR SAOZ March 2001 % deviation from zonal mean Walker Circulation (Newel 1979) Minima in TTL over convective areas, particularly maritime (O 3 destruction at surface level over Ocean), Maxima over subsident regions (meridional horizontal transport) Ozone distribution mainly controlled by transport (quasi-horizontalfrom mid-latitude and vertical by convection
NO 2 MIR-SAOZ 2001 20°S % deviation from zonal mean Maximum in UT over continental convection (200 ppt) Minimum over Maritime areas (60 ppt)
SAOZ H 2 O 590, 760, 940 nm (2004 only)
GOMOS First H 2 O profiles
ODIN SMR O 3, N 2 O H 2 O, H 2 O isotopes
HIBISCUS Global scale • BP data archived • MIR SAOZ / µlidar, radiometer data almost fully processed (already partly archived) • Preliminary GOMOS O 3, NO 2 (nighttime), H 2 O, T, and clouds • ODIN SMR + ODIN OSIRIS also available • MIMOSA PV (5 K, 6 h) available • REPROBUS CTM available, new run 3 h steps in progress • TOMCAT, LMDz, MIMOSA-chem, very soon Analysis and discussion at further workshop in Europe in early 2005
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