hhholdorf ULTRASOUND BOWL INTRODUCTION TO ULTRASOUND 1 The

hhholdorf ULTRASOUND BOWL INTRODUCTION TO ULTRASOUND

1. The highest area of risk liability for the sonographer is: a. Abdominal b. Vascular c. Cardiac d. Obstetrics

2. All of the following are examples of where a sonographer is liable EXCEPT: a. Letting a patient fall, causing injury b. Giving the patient or accompanying doctor a wrong diagnosis c. Performing the exam using set protocols d. Physically molesting a patient

3. All are components of medical ethics EXCEPT: a. Sharing information b. abandonment c. Coming to work “fit” d. protecting the patient

4. Autonomy is defined as a. The obligation of the institution to obtain legally or institutionally valid documents from the patients before proceeding with diagnostic, therapeutic, or research procedures. b. professional misconduct encompassing an unreasonable lack of skill or unfaithfulness in professional or fiduciary duties c. Self-rule that is free from both controlling interference by others and from limitations, such as inadequate understanding, that prevents a meaningful choice. d. A breach of duty to behave reasonably and prudently under the circumstances that causes foreseeable harm to another.

5. Malpractice is defined as a. The obligation of the institution to obtain legally or institutionally valid documents from the patients before proceeding with diagnostic, therapeutic, or research procedures. b. professional misconduct encompassing an unreasonable lack of skill or unfaithfulness in professional or fiduciary duties c. Self-rule that is free from both controlling interference by others and from limitations, such as inadequate understanding, that prevents a meaningful choice. d. A breach of duty to behave reasonably and prudently under the circumstances that causes foreseeable harm to another.

6. Medical Negligence is defined as A. The obligation of the institution to obtain legally or institutionally valid documents from the patients before proceeding with diagnostic, therapeutic, or research procedures. b. Professional misconduct encompassing an unreasonable lack of skill or unfaithfulness in professional or fiduciary duties C. Self-rule that is free from both controlling interference by others and from limitations, such as inadequate understanding, that prevents a meaningful choice. D. A breach of duty to behave reasonably and prudently under the circumstances that causes foreseeable harm to another.

7. Used to promote excellence in patient care by fostering responsibility and accountability among diagnostic medical sonographers. In doing so, the integrity of the profession of diagnostic medical Sonography will be maintained. This is best described as: a. The scope of practice of the profession b. clinical practice standards of the profession c. definition of the profession d. The Code of Ethics for Diagnostic Medical Sonography

8. The ARDMS awards all of the following credentials except: a. RVS b. RDMS c. RVT d. RDC S

9. Which of the following organizations does not offer ultrasound credentials? a. ASAE American society of association executives b. ARDMS c. CCI d. ARRT

10. A person’s dietary preferences, religious beliefs, religious customs, and spirituality, are affected by a person’s____. a. culture b. ethnic group c. age d. all of the above

11. Fetal keepsake companies a. Are performing ultrasound exams for a medical reason b. Are performing ultrasound exams without a doctor’s order c. Are popular with the FDA d. Have the endorsement of the AIUM

12. Utilizing no side rails, scanning the wrong body part and breaking HIPPA laws are best described as: a. Violation of ethical principles b. Clinical practice standards c. Code of conduct for the Diagnostic Medical sonographer d. Standard of care

13. Entertainment sonograms are not endorsed by the AIUM because: a. They are not ordered by a licensed health care provider b. They do not have any diagnostic purposes c. They are too expensive d. They are of poor quality e. More than one above

14. If a mass was regarded as “bright” relative to the normal echo pattern of the liver, it could be described as being: a. Hypoechoic b. Echogenic c. Echopenic d. Heterogeneous

15. If a mass was regarded as less echogenic relative to the normal echo pattern of the liver, it could be described as being a. Hypoechoic B. Echogenic C. Echopenic D. Heterogeneous

16. If a mass contains hyperechoic and hypoechoic areas, it would be described as a _______ mass. a. homogeneous b. Anechoic c. sonolucent d. heterogeneous

17. Another name for posterior acoustic enhancement is: a. Good through transmission b. Enhanced transmission c. Edge shadowing d. Shadowing e. More than one above

18. Acoustic shadowing occurs when: a. An abundance of sound is distal to the reflector b. An absence of sound is distal to the reflector c. A mass is mostly cystic d. A mass is hypoechoic

19. Complex structures a. Have cystic elements only b. Have solid elements only c. Are usually quite large d. Contain both cystic and solid elements.

20. When performing an ultrasound exam on a pregnant patient who becomes nauseated and faint during the exam, the patent should be: a. Turned onto their right side b. Turned onto their left side c. Put in a Trendelenberg position d. Put in a Fowler’s position.

21. If you were about to perform an ultrasound examination on an obese patient, the transducer of choice would be _______. a. 5 MHz b. 7 MHz c. 12 MHz d. 3 MHz

22. Anterior reverberation artifacts may be seen in what structure(s)? a. Anterior portion of the liver b. Full urinary bladder c. Large cystic structure d. Two of the above

23. A ________ frequency transducer will have better resolution than a _____ frequency transducer. a. Lower, higher b. Higher, lower c. Higher, Long d. Lower, Short

24. FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) requires that all the following questions be answered except: a. Is there an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP)? b. Is there a Yolk Sac? c. What is the patient’s LMP? d. Is there a fetal heartbeat?

25. Match the term with the definition: Spontaneous abortion and Miscarriage _______C____ Threatened abortion __A____ Missed abortion _______B____ A Prior to 20 weeks of gestation, patient complains of cramping and bleeding, but the ultrasound reveals that the pregnancy is normal. B An intrauterine pregnancy is present, but no longer viable. C The passage of the products of conception through the cervical os.

26. With best describes a woman with no history of pregnancy? a. Chronic b. Menorrhagia c. Nulliparous d. Parous

27. Closest to the point of origin. a. Proximal b. Distal c. Anterior d. Posterior

28. Pertaining to the outer boundary, away from the center. a. Proximal b. Distal c. Peripheral d. Posterior

29. The definition of Res ispa Loquitur is: a. Do no harm b. The thing speaks for itself c. Below the standard of care d. Wrongful death Tort law: negligence due to the visualization of the injury regardless of the absence of direct evidence.

30. Which of the flowing is an example of when a sonographer is liable for breach of duty? a. Becoming registered b. Coming to work fit c. Physically molesting a patient d. Communicating findings to the interpreting physician.

31. All of the following can contribute to elevating the risk of malpractice for sonographers except: a. Shorter exam time expectations b. Taking breaks between exams c. Reduction in supervision for staff sonographers d. Increased reliance on the Sonographer’s preliminary report

32. All of the following are components of medical ethics for the sonographer except: a. Protect the patient b. Come to work fit c. Be educated d. Limit information to ordering physicians

33. Matching Sensitivity ______C Specificity ______B True positive ____A False negative ____D A. You (the vascular laboratory) said abnormal, and they (the gold standard) said abnormal. You both agree that the test results are positive B. The ability of a test to identify normality C. The ability of a test to detect disease D. You (the vascular laboratory) said normal, but they (the gold standard) said abnormal.

34. In the practice of Sonography, negligence is defined as: a. Professional liability b. Injury to patients resulting from your breach of duty c. Exercising reasonable competence d. None of the above

35. Being an independent contractor of Sonography services _____ your personal liability. A. Elevates B. Diminishes C. Does not affect D. Lessens

36. Typically, malpractice lawsuits A. Are brought to closure in court B. Are usually filed 18 - 24 months after the patient’s treatment. C. Are not subject to the same statute of limitations that other kinds of lawsuits must be concerned about D. All of the above.

37. Ionizing radiation can be A. Seen B. Felt C. Measured D. Smelled

38. An employee with concerns or questions about radiation in the work environment should first contact: A. A physician B. The government C. The organization’s radiation safety officer D. The monitoring company

39. Basic considerations for radiation protection are: A. Time B. Distance C. Shielding D. All of the above

40. If a pregnant patient becomes faint (syncope) and nauseous during the Sonographic examination, this may be due to pressure of the : a. Uterus on the intestine b. Uterus on the aorta c. Uterus on the inferior vena cava d. Transducer on the skin

41. Similar echogenicity levels can be defined as: a. Parenchyma b. Echodense c. Echopoor d. Isoechoioc