HFT 2403 Chapter 2 Accounting for Business Transactions

Basics of Double Entry Accounting n n T- Accounts Debits and Credits Posting Trial Balance

Business Events of an Economic Nature are Identified These economic events are reflected in accounts

Account n n The basic storage unit for accounting data Accounts must be established for each separate classification q q q Cash Revenue Expenses Assets Liabilities Equity

T- Account n Has three basic parts q q q Title Left Side Right Side Increases are recorded on one side of an account, while decreases are recorded on the opposite Which side depends on what type of account it is

Sample T- Account n Debits – Left Side q Increase or Decrease n Credits – Right Side q Increase or Decrease

Types of Accounts n n n Asset Accounts – Normal Balance = Debit Liability Accounts – Normal Balance = Credit Equity Accounts q q Permanent Equity – Normal Balance – Credit Temporary Owners Equity n n Revenue – Normal Balance = Credit Expense – Normal Balance = Debit

Asset Accounts n n n Cash Receivables Inventories Prepaid Expenses Investments Property, Plant & Equipment (Fixed Assets)

Liabilities n n Payables Accrued Expenses Unearned Income Mortgage Payable

Equity n n Capital Account – Permanent Equity Temporary Owners Equity – Revenues & expenses q Retained Earnings

Debits and Credits n Debit – the left side of any account (dr) n Credit – the right side of any account (cr) n The difference between debits and credits is called the account balance n An account may have either a debit or a credit balance

Double Entry Accounting n n Uses T-Accounts Basic Rules q q q Asset accounts-increased by debits and decreased by credits Liability accounts are increased by credits and decreased by debits Permanent Equity – Increased by credits and decreased by debits Revenue – Increased by credits and decreased by debits Expenses – Increased by debits and decreased by credits

Normal Balances of Accounts n n n Asset Liability Owners Equity q q Capital Revenue Expense Draw Debit Credit Debit

Ledger / General Ledger n n n Ledger-A group of accounts General Ledger – A group of general accounts including accounts for assets, liabilities, owners equity, revenues, expenses and owner draw Chart of accounts – a complete listing of all accounts q Samples n n n Assets Liabilities Equity Revenue Expenses 100 -199 200 -299 300 -399 400 -499 500 -599

Journals & Journalizing n Where daily transactions are recorded q q Income journal Payables journal Expense journal Payroll journal

Journals n Includes q q q Date of transaction Titles of accounts used Account number Explanation Page number / posting reference number Debit and credit amounts

Posting n n Transferring amounts from the individual journals to the general journal Can be done daily, but must be done at least once every accounting cycle

Trial Balance n n A listing of all accounts and their respective debit and credit balances Sum of all debits must equal sum of all credits

Preparing the Trial Balance n n n Determine the balance of each account in the ledger List the accounts and show balances – debits in the left column and credits in the right column Add the debits Add the credit Total must balance

Homework Assignment n n n n Problem 1 Problem 4 Problem 5 Problem 7 (See note below) Problem 8 (See note below) Problem 9 Note: check the website for hints before attempting these problems