Heterotrophs Fungi Basics No photosynthesis Release enzymes to

• Heterotrophs Fungi Basics – No photosynthesis – Release enzymes to absorb nutrients • Cell composition similar to animals – Cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide) • Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual • Evolved from funguslike protista • Classified by type of reproductive structure

Comparing Plants & Fungi • Plants and fungi have different traits: – Fungal cell walls are made of chitin. – Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. – Fungi absorb food through hyphae. – Plants have chloroplasts and photosynthesize. • Plants and fungi have similar traits: • Both are nonmoving • Grow underground aboveground • May produce spores • Eukaryotes

Fungi Structure • What grows underground? – Hyphae: thin strands of cells that make up the fungus body – Hyphae branch into a larger network underground called mycelium • What grows above ground? – Fruiting body: reproductive structure creates spores by meiosis

Bread Mold Fungi • • Decompose dead matter Ecological importance: Nitrogen fixation Can reproduce sexually or asexually Classified ability to create zygospore – Protective spore surrounding the zygote • Spores produced inside sporangia (sporangium) • Spores released into air

Sac Fungi • Truffles and Morels • Yeast – Single celled • Fruiting body – Resembles a sac – Spores housed inside “asci” Truffle Yeast Morel

Club Fungi • Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi • Fruiting body – Club shaped – Haploid spores produced by meiosis – Spores housed inside “basidia” Mushrooms Shelf fungi Club Puffballs ground

Quick Review Name that reproductive structure! A B C

These haploid spores. Reproduction are created by meiosis Club Fungi Notice the released “gills” underneath. These folds and intolets theflip wind… Here is a typical mushroom… it upside-down contain millions of spores. Lets zoom in…

Haploid spore from fungus A will land…. Haploid spore from fungus B will land Haploid mycelium grows underground from each spore Two haploid mycelium fuse together… creating a diploid mycelium Fruiting body grows from the mass Haploid spores created (meiosis) & released from the basidia Released haploid spores land on ground and cycle repeats . . . ground

Lichens • Often pioneer species (grow on rock, soil, trees) • Example of two organisms living in mutualism – #1: Fungus, #2: Algae or cyanobacteria • Mutualism: Both organisms benefit – Fungus: obtains nutrients from the algae – Algae/cynobacteria: grows among the hyphae of the fungus; gets water

Kingdom Fungi Zygote fungi Club fungi Sac fungi Lichen • Make zygospore • Spores housed inside sporangia • Fruiting body looks like club • Spores housed inside basidia • Fruiting body looks like a sack • Spores housed inside asci • ½ fungus • ½ algae or cyanobacteria • Pioneer species

Review 1) Name three major types of fungi. 2) Which characteristic is used to classify the various types of fungi? 3) Which fungi produce asci? 4) Which fungi produce basidia? 5) Which fungi produce zygospores? 6) What is the above ground structure of a fungus called? 7) What objects are released from the fruiting body? 8) Label the diagram.