Heterogeneous Homogeneous Solution Mixtures Solutions Heterogeneous colloid Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous Homogeneous Solution Mixtures (Solutions) Heterogeneous colloid Heterogeneous suspension

Colloid Solution

Solutions + + Solute = Salt water = Carbonated water Solvent Solution Most common solvent = water Solution with water as solvent is aqueous solvent

Solvation • http: //www. chem. iastate. edu/group/Greenb owe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/thermoc hem/solution. Salt. html • • Water molecules in continuous motion Water molecules collide with crystals if solid Solvent water molecules attract the solute ions (Na+, Cl-) As individual ions break away from the crystal, the sodium chloride dissolves

Dissolving • Like dissolves like • Solute and solvent need to have similar polarities to be soluble nonpolar Polar dissolves ionic Nonpolar dissolves nonpolar

Rate of Dissolving Most often increases with: • Stirring (agitation) • Temperature • Surface area Contact of solute with solvent Faster b/c more surface area

Solubility • The amount of substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature. • Saturated – Contains maximum amount of solute for given amount of solvent at given temperature – Some solute particles out of solution • Unsaturated – Solution contains less solute than saturated solution – All solute particles in solution

Supersaturated http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=0 wif. Fb. GDv 4 I

Solubility of Gas • Gases more soluble at lower temperatures • Gases more soluble at higher pressures • Soda has large amounts of CO 2 dissolved in water

Molarity (M) = (moles of solute)/(Liter of solution) Measures concentration Practice: If 44 grams of sodium fluoride are dissolved to make a 3. 5 M solution, what is the volume of the solution?

Dilutions • • To dilute a solution, more SOLVENT is added Moles of SOLUTE is the same Moles before = moles after M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 Practice: How many liters of 15 molar HCl are need to make 400 m. L of a 0. 4 molar solution of HCl?