HERNIA DR AHMED KENSARAH HERNIAS Definition Classification Etiology

HERNIA DR. AHMED KENSARAH

HERNIAS Definition Classification Etiology Composition of a hernia

Definition of a hernia • A hernia is the protrusion of a viscus or part of a viscus through an abnormal opening in the walls of its containing cavity

Composition of a hernia • A hernia consist of three parts The sac The covering of the sac The contents of the sac

The sac of the hernia • Is a diverticulum of peritoneum consist of: Neck Body Fundus

Covering of the sac • Are derived from the layers of the abdominal wall through which the sac passes

Contents of a hernia • 1 Omentum 2 Intestine 3 A Portion of the circumference of the intestine 4 A portion of the bladder 5 Ovary 6 A Meckel”s diverticulum 7 Fluid

Aetiology • Congenital eg: the remain of the processus vaginalis Aquird : any condition which raises intra-abdominal pressure eg: Whooping cough in childhood Chronic cough Straining on micturation Chronic constipation Intra-abdominal malignancy Stretching of the abdominal musculature

Classificaions • Congenital OR Aquired External OR Internal According to the anatomical site Irrespective of the site

According to the anatomical site • Inguinal Femoral Umbilical Epigastric Rare : Interparietal, Spigelian, Lumbar, Perineal, Obturator, Gluteal and sciatic Hernias

Irrespective of site • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Reducible Irreducible Obstructed Strangulated Inflamed

Inguinal Hernia • Types Indirect [Oblique] Inguinal Hernia Direct Inguinal Hernia

Complications of the hernias • Acute Chronic

Acute complications • Obstruction Strangulation

Chronic complication • Incarceration

Diagnosis • History Increase intra-abdominal pressure Clinical Examination

Diffrential diagnosis • Between inguinal – femoral Anurysm Lipoma Saphena varix

Investigations • The causes

Treatment • Medical – Indication Surgical - Indication