HEREDITY Days 3 4 Observe the pictures that

HEREDITY Days 3 & 4 Observe the pictures that follow: JOHN and SEAN http: //www. foxnews. com/images/256459/0_64_lennon_john 06. jpg

Observe… PAUL and JAMES http: //images. huffingtonpost. com/gen/3068/thumbs/s-JAMES-MCCARTNEY-large. jpg

Observe… MARTIN and Emilio http: //www. davidstuff. com/opinion/dem-sheen. jpg

Observe… GABBY and KC http: //shannen 143. files. wordpress. com/2010/01/012410 -gabbykc. jpg

RESEMBLING OUR PARENTS Heredity - passing on of traits from one generation to the next. • It is the reason why offspring look like their parents. • It also explains why cats always give birth to kittens and never puppies. • It occurs among all living things. • Genetics – study of heredity • Geneticist – scientist who study heredity _

RESEMBLING OUR PARENTS • We inherit from our parents some physical features that are easily visible. • Some characteristics UNIQUE to us: - fingerprints - voice - patterns in the iris of our eyes * These characteristics can be used to identify people.

INHERITED CHARACTERISTICS IN HUMAN BEINGS: Detached & Attached earlobes Tongue Rolling ability

INHERITED CHARACTERISTICS Dimples Freckles

INHERITED CHARACTERISTICS Curly / Straight hair Hairline

INHERITED CHARACTERISTICS Other inherited characteristics: - hair texture - eye color - skin color - height Other characteristic not easily seen: - blood type - genetic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, food allergies

INHERITED CHARACTERISTICS IN ANIMALS: • skin color and fur type • behavioral characteristic such as instinct (feeding, nest building and mating) http: //www. hindu. com/2007/01/19/images/2007011902830201. jpg

INHERITED CHARACTERISTICS IN PLANTS: • color of fruits and flowers • shape of fruits and flowers • size of fruits and flowers • taste of the fruits • presence of seeds in the flowers • behavioral characteristic such as plant growth in the presence of light

NON-INHERITED CHARACTERISTICS • also called acquired traits • developed as a result of interaction with the environment • developed to be able to adapt to the environment • Examples are: - politeness - certain likes and dislikes - changes in skin color (tanned skin) - changes in height (exercise and body supplement)

FROM PARENTS TO YOUNG • Genetic information of both parents is passed on to the young during sexual reproduction. • It carries the characteristics that we inherit from our parents. • This results to offspring that resembles both parents but is not identical to either parent.

FROM PARENTS TO YOUNG Chromosomes - contain the genetic information of a person - thread-like protein structures found in the nucleus of every cell in the body

FROM PARENTS TO YOUNG Each body cell • Contains 23 corresponding pairs of chromosomes, with exception of sex cells Sex cells (sperm and egg) • Contain 23 chromosomes each • During fertilization, each of the 23 chromosomes in the egg and sperm joins its corresponding chromosome to form 23 pairs. Hence, the genetic information of both parents are mixed.

FROM PARENTS TO YOUNG

FAMILY TREE • shows the links between parents, offspring, siblings and spouses in a family • shows only the members of the same family

Family tree. . . http: //www. chula-parkinsons. org/image/genogram. gif

Family tree. . . Creating a family tree • male is noted by a square and female by a circle. A family is shown by a horizontal line connecting the two.

Family tree. . . • Children are placed below the family line from the oldest to the youngest, left to right. • Deaths are represented with an "X" or a slash through the symbol itself. • Represent offspring from marriage relationships with a vertical line, descending from the marriage line and arcing out to all the children. • Twins can be represented with an inverted "V, " descending from the offspring line.

Family tree. . . Uses of family trees • to know the number of members in the family • to know the number of individuals of each gender • to know the relationships between members _

HW: Bring the following next meeting: - 1 short bond paper - coloring materials (crayons, colored pencils or pens) - pencil - ruler End Sources: http: //www. cccoe. net/genetics/heredity. html http: //learn. genetics. utah. edu/content/begin/traits/ http: //www. genopro. com/genogram/rules/ http: //www. ehow. com/how_4474634_make-family-tree-diagram. html