Herbivory BIOLBOT 160 Ecology Herbivory Different from predation

Herbivory BIOL/BOT 160 – Ecology

Herbivory Different from predation in that the prey usually survives the attack However, herbivores can increase the risk of mortality Gypsy Moth Insect Pests in Northern California http: //www. forestry. ubc. ca/fetch 21/FRST 308/lab 5/lymantria_dispar/damage 2. jpg http: //www. entomology. wisc. edu/diaglab/08 hilite /06 -11. html Why might this be a problem? http: //dsf. chesco. org/ccparks/lib/ccparks/cr eaturefeature/deer_browsing. jpg http: //www. entomology. wisc. edu/diaglab/08 images/gypsy%20 moth%20 damage. JPG

Results of vector plot Predicted from vector plot http: //www. sci-fi-o-rama. com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/lynx_and_hare. png

Effects on Plant Fitness Consumed by herbivore Effects Leaves Bark Root Flower Photosynthesis and ability to obtain water Ability to move nutrients Ability to obtain water Ability to reproduce Sap Ability to obtain nutrients Any of the above Drain reserves http: //www. orchidlady. com/assets/images/orchid. Flower. Anatomy_1. gif http: //images. absoluteastronomy. com/images/topicimages/p/pl/plant_sap. gif

Effects worse on juvenile plants or leaves Juveniles and new leaves have least amount of sclerophyll most easily accessible nutrients http: //www. vivioworld. co m/images/seedling. jpg http: //www. terrain. org/a rterrain/18/images/newl eaves. JPG

Plant defenses

Plant Defenses Structural Hairy Leaves Thorns Secondary Compounds Quantitative inhibitors E. g. tannins, resins Qualitative inhibitors E. g. Toxins Cyanide Nicotine Caffeine Cocaine Morphine Mescaline Pyrethrin http: //wvs. topleftpixel. com/05/05/18/

Plant Defenses Some defenses are always present Referred to as CONSTITUTIVE Some defenses are developed in response to herbivore Referred to as INDUCED http: //www. agri. ruh. ac. lk/cinnamon/IMG_0427. JPG Gall formation http: //www. physorg. com/newman/gfx/news/20 06/cat-mp. jpg http: //www. ipm. iastate. edu/i pm/icm/files/images/200704 09 corn. jpg http: //rowdyrodi. wordpr ess. com/2007/11/16/na ture-walk/thorns-thorns/