Henry Clay Henry Clay First elected to office

  • Slides: 73
Download presentation
Henry Clay

Henry Clay

Henry Clay • First elected to office in 1806 • Died in 1852 -

Henry Clay • First elected to office in 1806 • Died in 1852 - 1806 46

“Murica” 2017 (today) - 1776 (Independence) 241 (Years as a Nation)

“Murica” 2017 (today) - 1776 (Independence) 241 (Years as a Nation)

Henry Clay 241 / 46 = 5. 217 Henry Clay was directly involved with

Henry Clay 241 / 46 = 5. 217 Henry Clay was directly involved with 1/5 of our Nation’s history.

Main Idea • What was the American System and how did it help the

Main Idea • What was the American System and how did it help the new nation address its economic challenges?

Henry Clay Senator and a Representative from Kentucky; born in the district known as

Henry Clay Senator and a Representative from Kentucky; born in the district known as “the Slashes, ” Hanover County, Va. , April 12, 1777; attended the public schools; studied law in Richmond, Va. ; admitted to the bar in 1797 and commenced practice in Lexington, Ky. ; member, State house of representatives 1803; elected as a Democratic Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Adair and served from November 19, 1806, to March 3, 1807, despite being younger than the constitutional age limit of thirty years; member, State house of representatives 1808 -1809, and served as speaker in 1809; again elected as a Democratic Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Buckner Thruston and served from January 4, 1810, to March 3, 1811; elected as a Democratic Republican to the Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses and served from March 4, 1811, to January 19, 1814, when he resigned; Speaker of the House of Representatives (Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses); appointed one of the commissioners to negotiate the treaty of peace with Great Britain in 1814; elected as a Democratic Republican to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815 -March 3, 1817); seat declared vacant by the governor of Kentucky, “caused by the acceptance of Henry Clay to sign a commercial convention as minister plenipotentiary to Great Britain”; elected in a special election as a Democratic Republican to the Fourteenth Congress to fill his own vacancy on October 30, 1815; re-elected as a Democratic Republican to the Fifteenth and succeeding Congress (March 4, 1817 -March 3, 1821); Speaker of the House of Representatives (Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses); elected to the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Congresses and served from March 3, 1823, to March 6, 1825, when he resigned; again served as Speaker of the House of Representatives (Eighteenth Congress); appointed Secretary of State by President John Quincy Adams 1825 -1829; elected as a National Republican to the United States Senate on November 10, 1831, to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1831; reelected as a Whig in 1836 and served from November 10, 1831, until March 31, 1842, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations (Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses), Committee on Finance (Twenty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Democratic Republican Party in 1824, of the National Republican Party in 1832, and of the Whig Party in 1844; again elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1849, until his death in Washington, D. C. , June 29, 1852; lay in state in the Rotunda of the United States Capitol, July 1, 1852; funeral services were held in the Senate Chamber; interment in Lexington Cemetery, Lexington, KY

Henry Clay Senator from Kentucky who ran for president five times. He was a

Henry Clay Senator from Kentucky who ran for president five times. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser. " (responsible for the Missouri Compromise). Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed. Served in public office from 1806 until his death in 1852 (46 years).

The American System • The American System was a program for economic development championed

The American System • The American System was a program for economic development championed by Henry Clay, an influential member of Congress in the early decades of the 19 th century. • Clay's idea was that the federal government should implement protective tariffs (taxes) and internal improvements and a national bank should help develop the nation's economy.

U. S. Economy • England helped drive our economy.

U. S. Economy • England helped drive our economy.

U. S. Economy • England helped drive our economy. • Because it was cheaper

U. S. Economy • England helped drive our economy. • Because it was cheaper for English factories to buy U. S. goods for their factories.

U. S. Economy • England helped drive our economy. • Because it was cheaper

U. S. Economy • England helped drive our economy. • Because it was cheaper for English factories to buy U. S. goods for their factories. • But that gave England a lot of control over our economy…

U. S. Economy Clay and others wanted Americans to control the American economy!

U. S. Economy Clay and others wanted Americans to control the American economy!

 • With factories in the North growing and generating profit, many in the

• With factories in the North growing and generating profit, many in the country turned their eyes westward looking to take advantage of the raw materials available.

 • A growing population would fuel the workforce needed in the west.

• A growing population would fuel the workforce needed in the west.

U. S. population figures

U. S. population figures

1775 1820

1775 1820

U. S. Economy • The problem was getting the raw materials, crops or goods

U. S. Economy • The problem was getting the raw materials, crops or goods out of the wilderness of the west, to ports where they could be sold on the world market.

The National Road - 1818

The National Road - 1818

The Steamboat • People had been using the river system of the west to

The Steamboat • People had been using the river system of the west to transport goods for decades. • The problem was that the boats only went one way…

The Erie Canal • 1825 - Use of the Erie Canal began. This opened

The Erie Canal • 1825 - Use of the Erie Canal began. This opened up the Great Lakes region by cutting travel time between Buffalo & New York by 1/3 and shipping costs 9/10. – Cost of the canal was $7, 000.

The Erie Canal • Before the Canal was built, it cost between 19¢ per

The Erie Canal • Before the Canal was built, it cost between 19¢ per mile, to ship a ton of cargo between Buffalo and New York City. – By 1835 that price had dropped to 3¢. – By the Civil War, the cost was 1¢.

The Erie Canal • Canal boats were pulled by horses or mules and traveled

The Erie Canal • Canal boats were pulled by horses or mules and traveled at about four miles per hour. The boats floated in the water in the canal and the horses and mules walked beside the canal on a dirt towpath. Ropes were tied to the boat and to the horses or mules. The boat only went as fast as the horses and mules could walk.

 • The Erie Canal, National Road, Steamboats & Railroads all opened up the

• The Erie Canal, National Road, Steamboats & Railroads all opened up the economy of the west and more people moved west to take advantage of the opportunities.

 • Now, all of this growth was good for the economy, but it

• Now, all of this growth was good for the economy, but it created real problems…

here…

here…

If your birthday… • Falls between the 1 st to 7 th, you’re in

If your birthday… • Falls between the 1 st to 7 th, you’re in Group 1. You will sit by my desk. • The 8 th to the 14 th, you’re Group 2. You will sit by the window. • The 15 th to the 22 nd, you’re Group 3, you will sit by the Tips From APUSH Students poster. • The 23 rd to the 31 st, you’re Group 4 and you’re by the door.

Short Answer Question • Henry Clay’s American System was a plan to put control

Short Answer Question • Henry Clay’s American System was a plan to put control of the U. S. economy in the hands of Americans and help it grow. • a. Explain (don’t list) ONE governmental policy that established the American System. . • b. Explain ONE cultural or geographic factor that contributed to the growth of the American System. • c. Provide ONE new piece of outside evidence and explain how it supports your response in either Part A or Part B.

Short Answer Question • Groups 1 & 2 merge and read your short essays

Short Answer Question • Groups 1 & 2 merge and read your short essays to each other and compare your results. • Groups 3 & 4, do the same.

Main Idea • What as the Missouri Compromise and how did it help the

Main Idea • What as the Missouri Compromise and how did it help the new nation address its expanding territorial & demographic challenges?

 • In 1817, Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state. 2, 000

• In 1817, Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state. 2, 000 – 3, 000 slaves were already in the Missouri territory.

 • At this time, there were 11 free states & 11 slave states.

• At this time, there were 11 free states & 11 slave states. Missouri would upset that balance. – Especally, in the Senate

The North had a larger percentage of the population. Because of that, Northern states

The North had a larger percentage of the population. Because of that, Northern states had 60% of the seats in the House of Representatives.

Missouri Compromise • Missouri’s application for statehood remained blocked until 1820 when Maine applied

Missouri Compromise • Missouri’s application for statehood remained blocked until 1820 when Maine applied for statehood.

Missouri Compromise • Henry Clay quickly saw the solution: A territory could only apply

Missouri Compromise • Henry Clay quickly saw the solution: A territory could only apply for statehood if another territory on the other side of the slavery issue was also ready to apply for statehood.

Missouri Compromise • But here was the problem…

Missouri Compromise • But here was the problem…

Missouri Compromise • A line was drawn at 36º 30´ (the southern border of

Missouri Compromise • A line was drawn at 36º 30´ (the southern border of Missouri) Any territory that applied for statehood afterwards that was north of 36º 30´ would become a free state, if it was south of the line it would become a slave state. Missouri was already in as a slave state!

Missouri • Because that little notch on the bottom of the state was below

Missouri • Because that little notch on the bottom of the state was below 36º 30´.

Missouri Compromise 1. ) Missouri was admitted as a slave state 2. ) Maine

Missouri Compromise 1. ) Missouri was admitted as a slave state 2. ) Maine (formally part of Massachusetts) was admitted as a free state 3. ) Except for Missouri, slavery would be banned north of 36º 30´

Missouri Compromise • Southerners didn’t like the Missouri Compromise because it created a situation

Missouri Compromise • Southerners didn’t like the Missouri Compromise because it created a situation where Congress could made laws regarding slavery.

Missouri Compromise • Northerners didn’t like the Missouri Compromise because Congress gave in and

Missouri Compromise • Northerners didn’t like the Missouri Compromise because Congress gave in and allowed slavery to expand into the west.

 • The system wasn’t perfect, but for 40 years, the Missouri Compromise would

• The system wasn’t perfect, but for 40 years, the Missouri Compromise would help hold the Union together.

If your shirt… • Is any shade of red/yellow, you’re in Group 1. You

If your shirt… • Is any shade of red/yellow, you’re in Group 1. You will sit by my desk. • Is any shade of blue/green, you’re Group 2. You will sit by the window. • Is any shade of grey or black, you’re Group 3, you will sit by the Tips From APUSH Students poster. • Everyone else, you’re Group 4 and you’re by the door.

Short Answer Question • A. Briefly explain ONE important way in which the Missouri

Short Answer Question • A. Briefly explain ONE important way in which the Missouri Compromise changed social relations in the United States. • B. Briefly explain ONE important way in which the Missouri Compromise delayed the Civil War. • C. Briefly explain ONE short or long term impact of the Missouri Compromise not mentioned in part A or B.