Henry and Anne gave birth to a daughter
- Henry and Anne gave birth to a daughter – Elizabeth. She miscarried twice (the 2 nd time, right before birth, some say she was in shock because Henry was seriously wounded in a joust). Anne was flimsily charged with adultery and beheaded in 1536. - The day after Anne’s execution, Henry became engaged to Jane Seymour, and married her 10 days later. She was a lady-inwaiting. She gave him a son, Edward, but died 2 weeks after childbirth. - Henry would go through 3 more wives: Anne of Cleves Henry VIII’s Wives
England After King Henry VIII - Henry became extremely fat, stubborn, and died. England, however, was on the rise. His son Edward VI inherited the crown at 9 years old in 1547. - Edward VI’s regents were huge Protestants, and the faith had lots of momentum in England. However, Edward died very young of sickness in 1553. - Dying, Edward VI tried to name Lady Jane Grey, his cousin, Queen to continue Protestantism. However,
Bloody Mary - Queen Mary returned England to Papal authority, and more than 300 Protestants were killed. - However by the end of her reign, Protestantism had overall increased (illegally) in England due to its momentum. - Philip II was a horrible husband, getting married after 2 days of meeting, her. He viewed the marriage as a political one. After getting married in 1554, he left her for Spain in 1555 and a devastated Mary never saw him again. He was disliked in England – Spain was seen as a rival enemy to most English. - Desperate to have a Catholic heir, Mary thought she was
- In 1558, Elizabeth I became Queen of England. - A master politician. Nicknamed the “Virgin Queen” because she never married. - Combined Protestantism with Catholic rituals for a new version of Anglicism (“Catholic-lite”). English sermons, rich robes/customs, priests allowed to marry. - Constant competition with her Catholic cousin, Mary Queen of Scots. She was arrested and after 19 years executed for treason. - Some Protestants insisted on Elizabeth I
Catholic Reformation - In response of the Protestant Reformation, Catholics decided to reform their practices. This is called the Catholic Reformation (a. k. a. Counter Reformation). Opponents say it was really a Catholic “Restoration” as not enough changed. - In 1536, Pope Paul III commissioned an investigative report. It admitted corruption and bad leadership, all the way up to previous popes. - By mid-1500 s, the Church reclaimed some territory, and strengthened its following. Many abuses were corrected and religious devotion largely increased amongst the clergy.
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