Hematologic System Josalyn What is it o o

Hematologic System Josalyn

What is it? o o o The production and transport of blood. Is part of, and assists with Lymphatic System, and Immune System. Functionsn n Supplies Oxygen, nutrients, and chemicals to the body Transports waste to organs for removal

Structure o o Hematopoiesis- medical term for blood formation. Leucopoiesis- Leukocyte production. 55% of blood is liquid. 45% of blood is formed material.

Liquids o o o Serum- liquid w/o clotting proteins. Plasma- liquid with clotting proteins. Coagulant- A clotting protein, ex: Fibrinogen. Anticoagulant- prevents clotting, ex: blood thinners. Fats- triglycerides and cholesterol.

Formed Materials o o Erythrocyte- Mature red blood cell. Reticulocyte- immature red blood cell, characterized by mesh-like pattern of threads. Macrophage- large cell that ‘eats bad’ blood cells. Leukocyte- white blood cell.

Formed Materials, cont. o o Granulocyte- cell with grain-like structures in cytoplasm. Agranulocyte- cell with out grain-like structure. Basophilic- stained w/ basic (blue) dyes. Eosenophilic- stained w/ acidic (pink) dyes.

Formed Material, cont. o Clotting Cells n n n Thrombocyte- nucleated clotting cell, contains nucleus. Platelet- enucleated clotting cell, no nucleus. Megakaryocyte- large nucleated cell in bone marrow that makes Platelets.

Lymphatic System o o Part of immune system. Interstitial Fluid- fluid that flows between and nourishes cells. Lymph- interstitial fluid that is in the lymphatic capillaries. Lymph Nodes- bean-shaped sacs that filter lymph and holds B & T leukocyte.

Lymphatic System, cont. o o Tonsils- mass of lymph tissue that protects the nose, and throat. Spleen- organ in upper abdomen o o filters blood stores red blood cells Balances red blood cell and Plasma levels. Thymus- organ that creates T cells in young animals.

Immune System o o Antigen- anything that attacks the body. Lymphocyte- cell that works against antigen. o o o T Cell- attacks the antigen directly. B cell- attacks substances made by antigen. Memory cells- Remember the antigen and create protection for future use. Plasma cell- creates antibodies for specific antigens. Immunoglobin- antibody made by plasma cell

Immune System, cont. o How it works 1. 2. 3. 4. Antigen enters body and attacks. Body senses the threat. White blood cells, T Cells, and B Cells attack the antigen. Memory Cells create antibodies to fight future infections.

Immune System, cont. o Immunity Typesn n Naturally Acquired Passive- immunity passed from mother to offspring. Naturally Acquired Active- immunity created from antibodies during infection. Artificially Acquired Passive- antibodies obtained from antiserum from another host. Artificially Acquire Active- immunity from a vaccine.

Oncology o o o Neoplasm- uncontrolled cell growth. Malignant- cancerous. Bening- noncancerous. Pedunculated- having a stalk. Well Circumscribed- well defined. Invasive- not well defined.

Diagnostics o o Blood Smear- blood specimen smeared on microscope slide for examination. Bone Marrow Biopsy- sample of bone marrow taken via needle for examination. Biopsy-collection of cells for study. Touch Preps- cells on a glass slide pressed against a mass then studied under microscope.

Conditions o o Anemia- low level of red blood cells. Exudate- protein/cell/solid rich material that has escaped the blood vessels. Hemophilia- genetic condition where blood doesn’t clot properly. High deadly. Leukemia- elevated number of malignant white blood cells.

Conditions, cont. o o Autoimmune Disease- conditions where immune system attacks itself. Tonsilitis- inflammation of the tonsils. Melanoma- tumor of melanin pigmented cells. Myxoma- tumor of connective tissue.

Procedures o o Tonsillectomy- surgical removal of tonsils. Splenectomy- Surgical removal of the spleen. Chemotherapy- chemical treatment of tumor. Radiation Therapy- treatment of tumor via xrays.