HELPFUL AND HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS What is a microorganism

HELPFUL AND HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS What is a microorganism?

What are Microorganisms? Microorganisms are: living things that are too small to see They can be single-celled, made up of one cell They can be multi-celled, made of more than one cell You need a microscope to see them

What are Microorganisms? Microorganisms Live in soil, air, and water Types Bacteria (largest group) Amoebas Fungi Protozoa (animal like) Algae (plant like)

What are Microorganisms? Bacteria Group of single celled organisms with no nucleus Smaller than plant and animal cells

What are Microorganisms? Amoeba Has a nucleus tiny, one-celled organism live in water and moist soil or in the bodies of animals and people body is made up of just one cell shapeless mass of protoplasm Protoplasm is the living, jelly-like material found in the cells of all living things. A thin, elastic membrane surrounds the protoplasm and holds it together

What are Microorganisms? Amoeba Water and gases pass in and out of the amoeba through the membrane. To move around, an amoeba must change its body shape. The protoplasm pushes out the elastic membrane to form a pseudopod False For foot each step, another pseudopod is formed. eat small particles of dead and decaying plant matter by slowly wrapping pseudopods around the food. This becomes a food vacuole inside the amoeba

What are Microorganisms? Paramecium tiny, one-celled organisms live in ponds, and slow-moving streams It has only one large nucleus and at least one small nucleus. It can have more made up of watery material. It is clear on the outside and granular on the inside.

What are Microorganisms? Paramecium It has a stiff layer on the outside that gives it the permanent shape of a shoe It is covered with tiny hairs called cilia. A paramecium swims by moving its cilia. Fibers connect the cilia on the underside (bottom) of the paramecium. Food enters the animal through the food groove. That leads to a tube called a gullet. This forms a ball that passes into the protoplasm and becomes a food vacuole.

What are Microorganisms? Paramecium The food is digested as the vacuole passes through the animal. The waste is passed out from a place called the anal pore.

What are Microorganisms? Euglena a microscopic (very small) organism that is classified as a plant and animal. They live in fresh water and are especially common in warm seasons when they may form a green scum on the surfaces(top) of ponds and ditches Most species are green because they contain chlorophyll, the green colored material found in plants. If conditions are right, it can make its own food. Like plants, the euglena gets energy from sunlight.

What are Microorganisms? Euglena Like many simple animals, it uses a flagella to move. A flagella is a whip-like appendage that sticks out from the body. It takes in food, much like the paramecium.

What are Microorganisms? Multi-celled Organisms Can be seen Made up of more than one cell Each cell has a job or function Nerve Cells Blood cells More complex than single-celled organisms

What are Microorganisms? Harmful Microorganisms Can make you sick Eating uncooked food Staph causes pimples and serious infections Strep throat is caused by a bacteria Virus Cause disease Use a living cell to grow and reproduce

What are Microorganisms? Harmful Microorganisms Fungi Like plants and can’t move Cannot make their own food for they feed off other organisms Kill plants and animals Cause Ringworm Athlete’s foot Types Mold Mushrooms Algae Mushroom s

What are Microorganisms? Viruses Smaller than bacteria Scientists do not consider them to be living, must live off another cell to grow and reproduce Cause Colds Flu Chicken Pox

What are Microorganisms? Algae Red tide Poison fish Make people sick

What are Microorganisms? Helpful Microorganisms Algae provides oxygen Algae and Plankton are food for fish Help plants grow Bacteria helps to make yogurt and cheese Yeast (fungi) helps make bread E. coli (bacteria) helps digest our food

What are Microorganisms? Helpful Microorganisms Penicillin, a medicine, is made from a mold Streptomycin, a medicine, is made from bacteria and help heal sore throats Help remove waste from our water Help clean up oil spills Decomposers Algae are producers for oceans and lakes

What are Microorganisms? Living with Microorganisms Wash your hands often Cooking food carefully Medicines Antibiotics Eat Yogurt (cure diseases caused by bacteria)