HEL TRANSITION FROM OE Written Old English HEL

HEL: TRANSITION FROM OE Written Old English

HEL: TRANSITION FROM OE Written Old English • Presence of Norse increases grammatical confusion in the spoken language • But not significantly in the written language

Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period Confusion of the endings –an, -on, -en, -um website

Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period Ic wille on þǽm hors hám rídan - verb infinitive I want to ride home on that horse Wé ridon tó wuda - past plural We rode to the wood Ic wille, þæt gé hám ríden – present subjunctive Hé hæfð þæt hors swíðe geriden - past participle I want you (pl) to ride home (I want that you ride. . . ) Wé ridon on hwítum horsum - dative plural We rode on white horses website We have ridden the horse hard

Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period Ic wille on þǽm hors hám rídan - verb infinitive I want to ride home on that horse Wé ridan tó wuda - past plural We rode to the wood Ic wille, þæt gé hám rídan – present subjunctive Hé hæfð þæt hors swíðe geridan - past participle I want you (pl) to ride home (I want that you ride. . . ) Wé ridan on hwítan horsan - dative plural We rode on white horses website We have ridden the horse hard

In Godes name ich Aþelstan God gyuing kyng welding eal Brytone mid alle mine wytene & alle biscope of þan kinedome of Engelonde gelad by þe pricingge of ðe Haly Goste grantye and confirmye by ðisse minre chartre for me and for þe kingges of Engelonde ðæt comeþ æfter me ene and euere ich tille Gode and sainta Marian and sainte Michaele, sainte Sampsone and sainte Branwaladre [XXVI] hyde londes æt Muleburne mid ðan þæt ðereto liþ. (Æþelstan regn. 92 - 927) a 1250 (? 939) W. D. G. Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, a Collection of Charters Relating to Anglo-Saxon History, 3 vols. (1885, 1887, 1893)

Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period Written Old English From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:

Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: 1053 On þisum geare wæs se cyning on Winceastre on Eastran Translation of this and the next slides can be found at http: //www. hi. is/~peturk/KENNSLA/11/texts/thisyear. html

Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: 1081 On þisum geare se cyng lædde fyrde in to Weala

Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: 1096 On þison geare heold se cyng Wilelm his hired to Xpes mæssan on Windlesoran

Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: 1122 On þis geare wæs se king Heanri on Cristes mæssan on Northwic

Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: 1137 Ðis gear for þe king Stephne ofer sæ to Normandi

NORSE LOANWORDS Written. Old. English and Middle English

NORSE LOANWORDS Written Old and Middle English Old Norse loanwords begin to enter the spoken language Old Norse loanwords begin to enter the written language

NORSE LOANWORDS spoken written Why the difference? What had happened in the meantime? The French had arrived!

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