HECHMS The Hydrologic Engineering Centers Hydrologic Modeling System

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HEC-HMS The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS)

HEC-HMS The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS)

Summary of Topics - HEC-HMS l Premier Hydrologic Model Today (HEC) l Performs RF-RO

Summary of Topics - HEC-HMS l Premier Hydrologic Model Today (HEC) l Performs RF-RO Calculations for Watersheds l Basic Input and Output Options l Precipitation Options l Unit Hydrograph Options l Flood Routing Option l Creating and Viewing Results and Graphs

Execution of HEC-HMS l Running actual projects l Calibration to gage data l Castro

Execution of HEC-HMS l Running actual projects l Calibration to gage data l Castro Valley case study l Keegans example l Linkage with GIS/NEXRAD data (HEC Geo-HMS)

The Hydrologic Cycle

The Hydrologic Cycle

Uses of the HEC Program Models the rainfall-runoff process in a watershed based on

Uses of the HEC Program Models the rainfall-runoff process in a watershed based on watershed physiographic data l l l Offers a variety of modeling options in order to compute UH for basin areas. Offers a variety of options for flood routing along streams. Capable of estimating parameters for calibration of each basin based on comparison of computed data to observed data

HEC-1 Program History HEC-1 - History of Model Development Separate Programs: 1967 by Leo

HEC-1 Program History HEC-1 - History of Model Development Separate Programs: 1967 by Leo R. Beard l Major Revision and Unification: 1973 l Second Major Revision: 1981 (Dam Breach, Kinematic Wave) l PC Versions: 1984 (partial), 1988 (full) l

HEC-1/HMS Program History Current Versions: 1991, 1998 l l 1991 Version Provides Extended Memory

HEC-1/HMS Program History Current Versions: 1991, 1998 l l 1991 Version Provides Extended Memory Support 1998 Version 4. 1 is Final Release HEC “Nex. Gen” Project Begins 1990 (RAS, HMS, FDA) HEC-HMS - New GUI and Updates First Release April 1998 l Version 1. 1 Released April 1999 l Current Version 2. 0. 3 l

HEC-HMS Background Purpose of HEC-HMS Improved User Interface, Graphics, and Reporting l Improved Hydrologic

HEC-HMS Background Purpose of HEC-HMS Improved User Interface, Graphics, and Reporting l Improved Hydrologic Computations l Integration of Related Hydrologic Capabilities l Importance of HEC-HMS Foundation for Future Hydrologic Software l Replacement for HEC-1 l

Improvements over HEC-1 Ease of Use projects divided into three components l user can

Improvements over HEC-1 Ease of Use projects divided into three components l user can run projects with different parameters instead of creating new projects l hydrologic data stored as DSS files l capable of handling NEXRAD-rainfall data and gridded precipitation l Converts HEC-1 files into HMS files

HEC-HMS Availability Available Through HEC Vendors Available at HEC Web Site: http: //www. wrc-hec.

HEC-HMS Availability Available Through HEC Vendors Available at HEC Web Site: http: //www. wrc-hec. usace. army. mil “Public Domain” Program No Copyright on Software No Copyright on HEC Documentation Special Training Available

Program Organization Main project screen l Connects to all data and information through menus

Program Organization Main project screen l Connects to all data and information through menus

Using HEC-HMS Three components l Basin model - contains the elements of the basin,

Using HEC-HMS Three components l Basin model - contains the elements of the basin, their connectivity, and runoff parameters l Meteorologic Model - contains the rainfall and evapotranspiration data l Control Specifications - contains the start/stop timing and calculation intervals for the run

Project Definition l l May contain several basin models, meteorologic models, and control specifications

Project Definition l l May contain several basin models, meteorologic models, and control specifications User can select a variety of combinations of the three models in order to see the effects of changing parameters on one subbasin

Basin Model l l Based on Graphical User Interface (GUI) Click on elements from

Basin Model l l Based on Graphical User Interface (GUI) Click on elements from left and drag into basin area Can import map files from GIS programs to use as background Actual locations of elements do not matter, just connectivity and runoff parameters

Basin Model Elements l l subbasins- contains data for subbasins (losses, UH transform, and

Basin Model Elements l l subbasins- contains data for subbasins (losses, UH transform, and baseflow) reaches- connects elements together and contains flood routing data junctions- connection point between elements reservoirs- stores runoff and releases runoff at a specified rate (storage-discharge relation)

Basin Model Elements l sinks- has an inflow but no outflow l sources- has

Basin Model Elements l sinks- has an inflow but no outflow l sources- has an outflow but no inflow l diversions- diverts a specified amount of runoff to an element based on a rating curve - used for detention storage elements or overflows

Basin Model Parameters Loss rate, UH transform, and baseflow methods

Basin Model Parameters Loss rate, UH transform, and baseflow methods

Abstractions (Losses) Interception Storage Depression Storage Surface Storage Evaporation Infiltration Interflow Groundwater and Base

Abstractions (Losses) Interception Storage Depression Storage Surface Storage Evaporation Infiltration Interflow Groundwater and Base Flow

Loss Rate methods Green & Ampt Initial & constant SCS curve no. Gridded SCS

Loss Rate methods Green & Ampt Initial & constant SCS curve no. Gridded SCS curve no. Deficit/Constant No loss rate

Initial and Uniform Loss Computation Initial Loss Applied at Beginning of Storm Estimated from

Initial and Uniform Loss Computation Initial Loss Applied at Beginning of Storm Estimated from Previous or SCS data l Sand: 0. 80 -1. 50 inches; Clay: 0. 40 -1. 00 inches l Uniform Loss Applied Throughout Storm Also Estimated From Previous Studies or SCS Data l Sand: 0. 10 -0. 0 in/hr; Clay 0. 05 -0. 15 in/hr l

HEC-HMS Loss Entry Window

HEC-HMS Loss Entry Window

Rainfall/Runoff Transformation l l Unit Hydrograph Distributed Runoff Grid-Based Transformation Methods: l l l

Rainfall/Runoff Transformation l l Unit Hydrograph Distributed Runoff Grid-Based Transformation Methods: l l l Clark Snyder SCS Input Ordinates Mod. Clark Kinematic Wave

Unit Hydrograph Definition: l Sub-Basin Surface Outflow Due to Unit (1 -in) Rainfall Excess

Unit Hydrograph Definition: l Sub-Basin Surface Outflow Due to Unit (1 -in) Rainfall Excess Applied Uniformly Over a Sub. Basin in a Specified Time Duration of UH: l HEC-HMS Sets Duration Equal to Computation Interval

Synthetic Unit Hydrographs Computed from Basin Characteristics HEC- HMS Synthetic Unit Hydrographs l l

Synthetic Unit Hydrographs Computed from Basin Characteristics HEC- HMS Synthetic Unit Hydrographs l l l SCS Dimensionless Unit graph Clark Unit Hydrograph (TC & R) Snyder Unit Hydrograph User-Defined Input Unit Hydrograph Mod. Clark Unit Hydrograph

Clark Unit Hydrograph Computation

Clark Unit Hydrograph Computation

Estimating Time of Concentration for Clark Unit Hydrograph Hydraulic Analysis Method l l Compute

Estimating Time of Concentration for Clark Unit Hydrograph Hydraulic Analysis Method l l Compute Travel Time in Open Channels and Storm Sewers based on Flow Velocities Compute Reservoir Travel Time from Wave Velocity Overland Flow Equations l l Kerby Method Kirpich Method Overton & Meadows SCS TR-55 Method for Shallow Concentrated Flow

Baseflow Options recession l constant monthly l linear reservoir l no baseflow l

Baseflow Options recession l constant monthly l linear reservoir l no baseflow l

Stream Flow Routing Simulates Movement of Flood Wave Through Stream Reach l Accounts for

Stream Flow Routing Simulates Movement of Flood Wave Through Stream Reach l Accounts for Storage and Flow Resistance l Allows modeling of a watershed with subbasins l

Reach Routing Flood routing methods: Simple Lag Modified Puls Muskingum Cunge Kinematic Wave

Reach Routing Flood routing methods: Simple Lag Modified Puls Muskingum Cunge Kinematic Wave

HEC-HMS Methods for Stream Flow Routing l Hydraulic Methods - Uses partial form of

HEC-HMS Methods for Stream Flow Routing l Hydraulic Methods - Uses partial form of St Venant Equations Kinematic Wave Method l Muskingum-Cunge Method l l Hydrologic Methods Muskingum Method l Storage Method (Modified Puls) l Lag Method l

Effects of Stream Flow Routing Avg Inflow - Avg Outflow = d. S/dt y.

Effects of Stream Flow Routing Avg Inflow - Avg Outflow = d. S/dt y. Storage S Inflow Outflow Dt

Modified Puls (Storage) Stream Flow Routing Method Storage-Indication Relationship: I - Q = (d.

Modified Puls (Storage) Stream Flow Routing Method Storage-Indication Relationship: I - Q = (d. S/dt) Averaging at two points in time: 1 and 2 I 1 + I 2 + (2 S 1/Dt - Q 1)= (2 S 2/Dt + Q 2)

HEC-HMS Stream Flow Routing Data Window

HEC-HMS Stream Flow Routing Data Window

Storage-Discharge Relationships

Storage-Discharge Relationships

Stream Flow Diversions Diversion Identification Maximum Volume of Diversion (Optional) Maximum Rate of Diversion

Stream Flow Diversions Diversion Identification Maximum Volume of Diversion (Optional) Maximum Rate of Diversion (Optional) Diversion Rating Table Stream Flow Rates Upstream of Diversion l Corresponding Diversion Rates l

Stream Flow Diversions Flow is allowed to move from one channel to another via

Stream Flow Diversions Flow is allowed to move from one channel to another via a side weir or flow across a low divide Weir Diverted Q Flow increases until a fixed level and then a flow diversion table determines rate through the weir or across the divide

Reservoir Routing Developed Outside HEC-HMS Storage Specification Alternatives: Storage versus Discharge Storage versus Elevation

Reservoir Routing Developed Outside HEC-HMS Storage Specification Alternatives: Storage versus Discharge Storage versus Elevation Surface Area versus Elevation Discharge Specification Alternatives: Spillways, Low-Level Outlets, Pumps Dam Safety: Embankment Overflow, Dam Breach

Reservoirs Pond storage with outflow pipe Orifice flow Weir flows Inflow and Outflow

Reservoirs Pond storage with outflow pipe Orifice flow Weir flows Inflow and Outflow

Reservoir Data Input Initial Conditions to Be Considered l l Inflow = Outflow Initial

Reservoir Data Input Initial Conditions to Be Considered l l Inflow = Outflow Initial Storage Values Initial Outflow Initial Elevation Data Relates to Both Storage/Area and Discharge HEC-1 Routing Routines with Initial Conditions and Elevation Data can be Imported as Reservoir Elements

Reservoir Data Input Window

Reservoir Data Input Window

Meteorologic Model Precipitation user hyetograph user gage weighting inverse-distance gage weighting gridded precipitation frequency

Meteorologic Model Precipitation user hyetograph user gage weighting inverse-distance gage weighting gridded precipitation frequency storm standard project storm Eastern U. S. Evapotranspiration-ET monthly average, no evapotranspiration

Precipitation Historical Rainfall Data Recording Gages Non-Recording Rainfall Gages Design Storms Hypothetical Frequency Storms

Precipitation Historical Rainfall Data Recording Gages Non-Recording Rainfall Gages Design Storms Hypothetical Frequency Storms Corps Standard Project Storm Probable Maximum Precipitation

Gage Data (from project definition screen) Precipitation gagesprecipitation data for use with meteorologic models

Gage Data (from project definition screen) Precipitation gagesprecipitation data for use with meteorologic models Stream gages- observed level data to compare computed and actual results

Precipitation: Gridded Weather Radar Data from National Weather Service Nex. RAD program, Doppler Radar

Precipitation: Gridded Weather Radar Data from National Weather Service Nex. RAD program, Doppler Radar Data must be manipulated and stored in DSS file format Grids are HRAP (NWS) or SHG (HEC) HRAP uses spherical projections and generalized earth radius values SHG uses Albers Equal Area projections Grids cover about 1 square kilometer Historical raw data may not be archived

Sources of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) East of 105 th Meridian (Denver) NWS HYDRO-5 (5

Sources of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) East of 105 th Meridian (Denver) NWS HYDRO-5 (5 minutes to 60 minutes) l NWS TP-40 (2 hours to 24 hours) - 1961 l NWS TP-49 (2 days to 10 days) l West of 105 th Meridian l NOAA Atlas 2 (Separate Volumes for Each State)

Input and Output Files project-name. HMS: List of models, descriptions and project default method

Input and Output Files project-name. HMS: List of models, descriptions and project default method options basin-model-name. BASIN: Basin model data, including connectivity information precipitation-model-name. PRECIP: Precipitation model data control-specifications- name. CONTROL: Control specifications run-name. LOG: Messages generated during execution of run project-name. RUN: List of runs, including most recent execution time

Input and Output Files project-name. DSS: DSS file containing basin model data such as

Input and Output Files project-name. DSS: DSS file containing basin model data such as computed hydrographs and storage discharge relationships project-name. DSC: List of files contained in DSS file project-name. OUT: Log of operations for the DSS file project-name. MAP: Coordinate point file for subbasin boundaries and channel location project-name. GAGE: Listing of gages available for use in the project HMStemp. TMP: Echo listing of imported HEC-1 model

Data Storage System (DSS) Multiple time series or relational data sets Each data set

Data Storage System (DSS) Multiple time series or relational data sets Each data set or record has a unique pathname/Castro Valley/Fire Dept/PRECIP-INC/16 Jan 197/10 min/Obs/ Pathnames Consist of Parts A through F l Part A: General name, project name l Part B: Specific name, or control point l Part C: Data type (PRECIP-INC, PRECIP-CUM, FLOW, STORAGE, etc. ) l Part D: Start Date l Part E: Time interval l Part F: User specified

The HEC-HMS “Options” Precipitation Option (6 available) Loss Computation (5 available) Runoff Transform Computation

The HEC-HMS “Options” Precipitation Option (6 available) Loss Computation (5 available) Runoff Transform Computation (6 available) Routing Computation (7 available) Over 6 x 5 x 6 x 7 = 1, 260 Combinations Subbasin routing reach

Control Specifications - Start/Stop/Time Interval

Control Specifications - Start/Stop/Time Interval

Running a project User selects the 1. Basin model 2. Meteorologic model 3. Control

Running a project User selects the 1. Basin model 2. Meteorologic model 3. Control ID for the HMS run

Viewing Results l l To view the results: right-click on any basin element, results

Viewing Results l l To view the results: right-click on any basin element, results will be for that point Display of results: hydrograph- graphs outflow vs. time summary table- gives the peak flow and time of peak time-series table- tabular form of outflow vs. time l l Comparing computed and actual results: plot observed data on the same hydrograph to by selecting a discharge gage for an element

Viewing Results hydrograph

Viewing Results hydrograph

HEC-HMS Output 1. Tables Summary Detailed (Time Series) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Hyetograph

HEC-HMS Output 1. Tables Summary Detailed (Time Series) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Hyetograph Plots Sub-Basin Hydrograph Plots Routed Hydrograph Plots Combined Hydrograph Plots Recorded Hydrographs - comparison

Viewing Results Summary table Time series table

Viewing Results Summary table Time series table

HEC-HMS Output Sub-Basin Plots Runoff Hydrograph Hyetograph Abstractions Base Flow

HEC-HMS Output Sub-Basin Plots Runoff Hydrograph Hyetograph Abstractions Base Flow

HEC-HMS Output Junction Plots Tributary Hydrographs Combined Hydrograph Recorded Hydrograph

HEC-HMS Output Junction Plots Tributary Hydrographs Combined Hydrograph Recorded Hydrograph

Purpose of Calibration Can Compute Sub-Basin Parameters Loss Function Parameters Unit Hydrograph Parameters Can

Purpose of Calibration Can Compute Sub-Basin Parameters Loss Function Parameters Unit Hydrograph Parameters Can Compute Stream Flow Routing Parameters Requires Gage Records

FINALLY - information on HEC-HMS www. hec. usace. army. mil/software_ distrib/hec-hms/hechmsprogram. html (the user’s

FINALLY - information on HEC-HMS www. hec. usace. army. mil/software_ distrib/hec-hms/hechmsprogram. html (the user’s manual can be downloaded from this site) www. dodson-hydro. com/download. htm# Electronic_Documents Available on the laboratory computers