Heavy metals Cadmium Helena Maria LizardoDaudt Ph D
- Slides: 14
Heavy metals: Cadmium Helena Maria Lizardo-Daudt Ph. D candidate - Kennedy’s lab 1
Overview 1. Background: – Why study Cadmium? – Hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis – Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis 2. Experiments: – Material – Methods 3. Future steps 2
BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • non degradable heavy metal • cumulative pollutant water systems (++sediments) • toxic –high dose • Endocrine disruptor? 3
BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM- Input Natural sources Human sources volcanos industries (plastics) BRAZ erosion mining CAN - Forest fires - Waste disposal, cigarretes 4
Concentration of Cd-field 1 µg/L 5 µg/L BACKGROUND 100 µg/L San Diego Bay-USA (1994): 1. 5 British Columbia Canada (1987 -91): 8. 6 Alberta-Canada (1987 -91): 112 Animas River-USA (1995 -98): 2. 6 Wavy Lake -Canada (1991): 4. 78 Rio Rimao -Peru (1989): 100 Eagle River-USA (1999): 1. 3 Rio dos Sinos-Brazil (1995): 4. 8 Lake Manzalah-Egypt (1999): 80 High Dam Lake & Nozka River Nete-Belgium -Egypt (1999): 1 (1998): 4. 3 Mississipi River-USA (2001): 550 5
BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • Itai Disease – Ouch ouch (pain) – Toyama City (Japan- 1950) – Softening of the bones, kidney failure (irreversible)→ • Low phosphate levels • Arthritis 6
BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • Cause: – Mining (silver, lead, copper and zinc) – Cd into the river (worst 30 km downstream of the mine) • Effects: – – Dead fish Contaminated rice Sick people 1972: court decided in favor of patients 7
BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • March 2004 -Korea – High levels of Cd in the water+blood – Near old copper mine – Bone-related symptoms (arthritis, hollow bones) – June 2004 -government started investigation 8
BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM Aquatic environment • Cd is more toxic in soft waters (5 mg/L Fraser River): – Ca/Mg competition with Cd for binding sites on the gills – formation of Cd precipitates – free Cd ion concentration; Cd on the gills 9
BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • Special characteristics – Bioavailability &Toxicity vary: • Water chemistry – Hardness ( TOXIC: soft) – p. H ( TOXIC: acid) • Speciation – More toxic: SULFATE CHLORIDE – Less toxic: CARBONATE • Complexation – organic particles: ( toxic: humic acid) • Concentration X Accumulation 10
Mechanisms and effects of Cadmium on the reproductive endocrine function in Oncorhynchus mykiss 11
BACKGROUND FOCUS: 12
BACKGROUND Effects on HPI and HPG axes H o r m Acute o n e s • species fish • species Cd • concentr. Cd BUT • Lab studies: Sub Chronic Time Predicted General Pattern – concentr. Cd – not long term • Chronic: – Field-other pollutants • Relationship HPG/HPI? 13
BACKGROUND Effects on developmental biology • species fish • concentr. Cd. Cl 2 • EFFECTS: – = hatchability – = larval survival – growth BUT – not long term – not accumulation related – spinal deformities 14
- Ratey method
- Madre maria domenica mantovani santa
- Blessed maria helena
- Periodic table metals and nonmetals
- Matter and materials (grade 7 worksheets)
- Ferrous material
- Nonmetals examples
- Metals vs nonmetals properties
- Grade 4 natural science matter and materials
- Source of cadmium
- Petra lovka
- Source of cadmium
- Li nickol
- Weston cadmium cell construction and working
- Oración a chiquitunga para pedir un milagro