Heavy metals Cadmium Helena Maria LizardoDaudt Ph D

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Heavy metals: Cadmium Helena Maria Lizardo-Daudt Ph. D candidate - Kennedy’s lab 1

Heavy metals: Cadmium Helena Maria Lizardo-Daudt Ph. D candidate - Kennedy’s lab 1

Overview 1. Background: – Why study Cadmium? – Hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis – Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis 2.

Overview 1. Background: – Why study Cadmium? – Hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis – Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis 2. Experiments: – Material – Methods 3. Future steps 2

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • non degradable heavy metal • cumulative pollutant water systems

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • non degradable heavy metal • cumulative pollutant water systems (++sediments) • toxic –high dose • Endocrine disruptor? 3

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM- Input Natural sources Human sources volcanos industries (plastics) BRAZ erosion

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM- Input Natural sources Human sources volcanos industries (plastics) BRAZ erosion mining CAN - Forest fires - Waste disposal, cigarretes 4

Concentration of Cd-field 1 µg/L 5 µg/L BACKGROUND 100 µg/L San Diego Bay-USA (1994):

Concentration of Cd-field 1 µg/L 5 µg/L BACKGROUND 100 µg/L San Diego Bay-USA (1994): 1. 5 British Columbia Canada (1987 -91): 8. 6 Alberta-Canada (1987 -91): 112 Animas River-USA (1995 -98): 2. 6 Wavy Lake -Canada (1991): 4. 78 Rio Rimao -Peru (1989): 100 Eagle River-USA (1999): 1. 3 Rio dos Sinos-Brazil (1995): 4. 8 Lake Manzalah-Egypt (1999): 80 High Dam Lake & Nozka River Nete-Belgium -Egypt (1999): 1 (1998): 4. 3 Mississipi River-USA (2001): 550 5

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • Itai Disease – Ouch ouch (pain) – Toyama City

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • Itai Disease – Ouch ouch (pain) – Toyama City (Japan- 1950) – Softening of the bones, kidney failure (irreversible)→ • Low phosphate levels • Arthritis 6

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • Cause: – Mining (silver, lead, copper and zinc) –

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • Cause: – Mining (silver, lead, copper and zinc) – Cd into the river (worst 30 km downstream of the mine) • Effects: – – Dead fish Contaminated rice Sick people 1972: court decided in favor of patients 7

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • March 2004 -Korea – High levels of Cd in

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • March 2004 -Korea – High levels of Cd in the water+blood – Near old copper mine – Bone-related symptoms (arthritis, hollow bones) – June 2004 -government started investigation 8

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM Aquatic environment • Cd is more toxic in soft waters

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM Aquatic environment • Cd is more toxic in soft waters (5 mg/L Fraser River): – Ca/Mg competition with Cd for binding sites on the gills – formation of Cd precipitates – free Cd ion concentration; Cd on the gills 9

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • Special characteristics – Bioavailability &Toxicity vary: • Water chemistry

BACKGROUND WHY STUDY CADMIUM • Special characteristics – Bioavailability &Toxicity vary: • Water chemistry – Hardness ( TOXIC: soft) – p. H ( TOXIC: acid) • Speciation – More toxic: SULFATE CHLORIDE – Less toxic: CARBONATE • Complexation – organic particles: ( toxic: humic acid) • Concentration X Accumulation 10

Mechanisms and effects of Cadmium on the reproductive endocrine function in Oncorhynchus mykiss 11

Mechanisms and effects of Cadmium on the reproductive endocrine function in Oncorhynchus mykiss 11

BACKGROUND FOCUS: 12

BACKGROUND FOCUS: 12

BACKGROUND Effects on HPI and HPG axes H o r m Acute o n

BACKGROUND Effects on HPI and HPG axes H o r m Acute o n e s • species fish • species Cd • concentr. Cd BUT • Lab studies: Sub Chronic Time Predicted General Pattern – concentr. Cd – not long term • Chronic: – Field-other pollutants • Relationship HPG/HPI? 13

BACKGROUND Effects on developmental biology • species fish • concentr. Cd. Cl 2 •

BACKGROUND Effects on developmental biology • species fish • concentr. Cd. Cl 2 • EFFECTS: – = hatchability – = larval survival – growth BUT – not long term – not accumulation related – spinal deformities 14