Heavy Flavor Physics at Lepton Colliders Aspen Winter

Heavy Flavor Physics at Lepton Colliders Aspen Winter Conference Frontiers in Particle Physics: From Dark Matter to the LHC and Beyond January 2014 Kay Kinoshita University of Cincinnati

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 e +e – collider experiments NOW • BEPC II/BESIII – 2008 - Symmetric – 1. 3 G J/ψ, 400 M ψ’, 2. 9 fb– 1 ψ”, 3. 3 fb– 1 above 4 Ge. V • PEP-II/Babar – 1999 -2008 9 Gev e- + 3 Ge. V e+ – 471 M ϒ(4 S), ~500 M charm pair • KEKB/Belle – 1999 -2010 8. 5 Ge. V e- + 3. 5 Ge. V e+ K. Kinoshita – 772 M ϒ(4 S) events(B pair), 109 charm pair, ~37 M b-pair@ϒ(5 S), ~31 fb– 1 ϒ(5 S) scan, 34 fb– 1 ϒ(1/2/3 S) FUTURE • Super. KEKB/Belle II under construction – 2016– 50 ab– 1 ~ 5 x 1010 B pairs, etc. 2

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 K. Kinoshita e +e - annihilation For example, Upsilon region ~10 Ge. V (similar in J/ψ region ~3 -4 Ge. V) ↑ (4 S) continuum • Event CM energy = e+e- CM energy ± few Me. V • “Hermetic” detector measures nearly all final particles exc. KL, n, ν => “neutrals reconstruction” is possible • Average multiplicity (chg+neutral) ~15 -20 • Near-threshold @ ϒ(4 S), ϒ(5 S) [ψ”] exclusive B [D] pair events – full reconstruction tagging and other tricks 3

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 K. Kinoshita Outline • CKM/New Physics Beauty – b->sl+l- forward-backward asymmetry – B– -> τ ν – B -> D(*) τ ν – CP Asymmetries Charm – D 0 mixing • QCD: Exotic heavy quarkonia 4

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Lepton Forward-Backward Asymmetry in Inclusive K. Kinoshita Belle In cms of l+ l– 5

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Forward-backward Asymmetry Belle • Theory: contributions from EM penguin, EW vector, axial vector Wilson coefficients K. Kinoshita • Previously measured in exclusive decays [PRL 103, 171801 (2009)] • Inclusive AFB has smaller theoretical uncertainty 6

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 AFB semi-inclusive reconstruction Belle • 772 x 106 B pairs • 18 exclusive hadronic final states – Xs={K}{nπ}, n=1, 2, 3, 4 • Full reconstruction – Mbc, ΔE • Leptons: e+e- or µ+µ– J/ψ, ψ(2 S) veto • Neurobayes neural network background suppression • Select one candidate per event • Use K. Kinoshita – 10 hadronic final states: No K+4π modes B 0 – self-tag (K±) modes only 7

Belle • 4 bins of q 2 • Simultaneous fit in Mbc, {F, B} incl. efficiency • Correct raw AFB via MC Xse+e-, forward Xse+e-, backward Xsµ+µ-, forward Xsµ+µ-, backward K. Kinoshita Aspen Winter Conference 2014 AFB semi-inclusive 8

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 AFB semi-inclusive: result Belle Preliminary High q 2: consistent w SM, AFB<0 excluded 2. 3 σ J/ψ-ψ’ veto region K. Kinoshita Low q 2: within 1. 8 sigma of SM expectation 9

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Lepton universality and New Physics K. Kinoshita neutrino “reconstruction” in e+e– events 10

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 τ/µ (semi)leptonic decays • Leptonic • Semileptonic c b H+/W+ t+ K. Kinoshita nt • Ratio (τ/µ) is sensitive to charged Higgs • B->τ ν probes leptonic + H-b-u vertices • B->D(*)τ ν probes leptonic + H-b-c vertex 11

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 with hadronic tagging Belle & Babar Belle PRL 110, 131801 (2013) Babar PRD(RC) 88, 031102 (2013) Combined w previous results: • full reconstruction of B on one side; examine residual particles • partial reconstruction of tau, plot residual detected energy Babar K. Kinoshita Belle signal 12

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 with hadronic tagging Belle & Babar Belle PRL 110, 131801 (2013) Babar PRD(RC) 88, 031102 (2013) Combined w previous results: K. Kinoshita Previous results: 2. 8σ “tension” (sin 2φ1, B(B -> τντ)) vs all other CKM constraints 13

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 with hadronic tagging Belle & Babar Belle PRL 110, 131801 (2013) Babar PRD(RC) 88, 031102 (2013) Combined w previous results: 2014: Not so tense (sin 2φ1, B(B -> τντ)) vs all other CKM constraints K. Kinoshita Precision will improve in Belle II era 14

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Future: leptonic τ/µ ratio SM: B(B->tn) = 1. 6 x 10 -4 B(B-> mn) = 7. 1 x 10 -7 B(B-> en) = 1. 7 x 10 -11 systematics cancel in ratio -> strong test of universality Belle II projection Potential deviations, e. g. 2 -Higgs doublet Model Observe B->μν with ~5 ab-1 mltanβ K. Kinoshita Significance 10 Belle II Luminosity (ab-1) 10 15

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 B -> D* tau nu PRL 109, 101802; PRD 88, 072012 (2013) Babar • In SM, • e. g. , in Type II 2 HDM: K. Kinoshita Babar Not good agreement w SM 16

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Test 2 HDM type II Babar PRL 109, 101802; PRD 88, 072012 (2013) R vs tan β/m. H PRD(RC) 88, 031102 (2013) 2 HDM Babar result 2 HDM |Vub| range 2 HDM K. Kinoshita Babar result 17

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Test 2 HDM type II tan β vs m. H Babar PRL 109, 101802; PRD 88, 072012 (2013) PRD(RC) 88, 031102 (2013) Most of parameter space excluded at 2σ K. Kinoshita Most of parameter space excluded at 3σ Tension! 18

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 CP Asymmetries • The Universe is CP-asymmetric – what is the origin? • The only known source of CP asym. (CKM) is insufficient – There must be another source • To find new sources, we need to understand old ones • φ1 (β), φ2(α), φ3(γ) K. Kinoshita • Analysis at Belle, Babar continues, look forward to Belle II 19

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Recent results • B->ππ, ACP, isospin analysis – 23. 8 > φ2, > 66. 8° • B->ρ0ρ0, isospin analysis – φ2 = 84. 9± 12. 9 • Evidence for suppressed Belle PRD 88, 092003 (2013) ar. Xiv: 1212. 4015 PRD 88, 091104(R) (2013) (sensitive to φ3) • First ACP≠ 0 in a new penguin mode sensitive to φ1 K. Kinoshita • ACP null searches ar. Xiv: 1311. 6666 PRD 88, 072004 (2013) 20

K. Kinoshita Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Charm 21

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 D 0 mixing Belle ar. Xiv: 1401. 3402 976 fb– 1 “Wrong-sign” interference: mixing, double Cabibbo-suppression (DCS) Mixing K. Kinoshita δ = relative phase DCS 22

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 D 0 mixing Belle ar. Xiv: 1401. 3402 976 fb– 1 “Wrong-sign” Wrong sign K. Kinoshita Right sign 23

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 D 0 mixing Belle ar. Xiv: 1401. 3402 976 fb– 1 Mixing K. Kinoshita No mixing First evidence in e+e–; consistent w LHCb 24

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 QCD Exotic quarkonium-like states K. Kinoshita (conventional quarkonium results not included here) 25

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 History of heavy quark exotica PDG 13 Many are unconfirmed Primary characteristic: high rate to quarkonia Charmonium -like Z(3900) Z(3885) Z(4025) K. Kinoshita Z(4020) Bottomoniumlike Zb 0(10610) 26

• Observable states color singlet – Mesons, baryons – Other possible color singlet combinations • Pentaquark • H-dibaryon • Glueball • Tetraquark • Quark-gluon hybrid K. Kinoshita Aspen Winter Conference 2014 QCD 27

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Upsilon region Belle • Bottomonium-like, found mainly in region above ϒ(4 S) K. Kinoshita (5 S) Not zero 28

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Zb ±(10610), Zb ± (10650) Belle • Observed in 121 fb– 1 @ ϒ(5 S) (10860) [PRL 108, 122001 (2012)] in events • Since observation: – NEW: Measurement of JP – [ar. Xi. V: 1209. 6450] Observation of K. Kinoshita – [PRD 88, 052016 (2013)] Observation of Zb 0(10610) • Soon: – Scan of ϒππ cross section, analysis of resonance/continuum b cf: PRD 82, 091106(R) (2010) 29

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Measurement of JP Zb±(10610), Zb± (10650) Belle 6 -d fit to JP hypotheses 1+, 1–, 2+, 2– Black: 1+ hypothesis K. Kinoshita Mmax(ϒπ) from A. Bondar, Hadrons from Quarks and Gluons 1/16/2014 30

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Measurement of JP Zb ±(10610), Zb ± (10650) Belle 6 -d fit to JP hypotheses 1+, 1–, 2+, 2– JP=1+ K. Kinoshita M(ϒπ) ϒ(2 S)ππ (ϒ(3 S)ππ) from A. Bondar, Hadrons from Quarks and Gluons 1/16/2014 31

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 ar. Xiv: 1209. 6450 Zb->BB* Belle • Events • Select (fully reconstructed B, π), examine recoiling mass BB*π K. Kinoshita B*B*π Wrong-sign B±π± 32

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 ar. Xiv: 1209. 6450 Zb->BB* Belle • Select candidate events, plot mass recoiling against π Zb(10610) 8σ BB*π K. Kinoshita Zb(10650) good fit to Zb(10610)+Zb(10650) or Zb(10610)+non-resonant. B*B*π Zb(10650) 6. 8σ good fit to Zb(10650) 33

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 K. Kinoshita Zb->BB* ar. Xiv: 1209. 6450 Belle • Assuming observed modes saturate Zb±, calculate branchings PRELIMINARY B*B(*) Dominate 34

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Zb 0(10610) PRD 88, 052016 (2013) ϒ(2 S) Belle ϒ(3 S) with Zb(10610), Zb(10650) K. Kinoshita no Zb Zb 0(10610) observed with 6. 5σ significance 35

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 K. Kinoshita Zc ±(3900) • in Belle PRL 110, 252002 (2013) BESIII PRL 110, 252001 (2013) 36

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 K. Kinoshita “Zc(3885)” BESIII ar. Xiv: 1310. 1163 If we assume Z(3900) & Z(3885) are the same, 37

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 K. Kinoshita “Zc(4025) ±” BESIII ar. Xiv: 1308. 2760 Reconstruct D+, π0 38

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 “Zc(4020)” BESIII ar. Xiv: 1309. 1896 • 13 cms energy points 3. 90 -4. 42 Ge. V K. Kinoshita Agreement w Zc(4025): 1. 5σ No significant Zc(3900) 39

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 K. Kinoshita Emerging dualities Bottomonium-like & Charmonium-like • charged -onium-like structures Z 1, Z 2 • Z’s are very close to open flavor thresholds: QQ*, Q*Q* (Q=B, D) • IGJPC=1+1+– • Observed in both hidden-flavor and openflavor modes • Open-flavor modes dominate but not overwhelmingly What are they? ? 40

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 K. Kinoshita Emerging dualities What are they? ? many theories • Meson molecule [A. Bondar, et al. , PRD 84, 054010 (2011)] • Coupled channel resonances [I. V. Danilkin et al, ar. Xiv: 1106. 1552] • Cusp [D. Bugg, Europhys. Lett. 96, 11002 (2011)] • Tetraquark [M. Karliner & H. Lipkin, ar. Xiv: 0802. 0649] Much still remains to be explored • Belle final set, BESIII still running • Belle II to come 41

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 K. Kinoshita Summary e+e– colliders • complementary role to the Energy Frontier – “inclusive” studies – Modes that include π0, ν – Clean data, low systematics • Recent results – b -> sl+l– AFB by semi-inclusive method – Leptonic & semileptonic decays – tension on 2 HDM – CP, CKM – D 0 mixing – Rich spectroscopy of quarkonium-like particles • Looking to the future – probe Te. V mass scales via Intensity … 42

K. Kinoshita Aspen Winter Conference 2014 to find the NEW… 43

Still, not easy! improve precision on the OLD there IS a leopard K. Kinoshita Aspen Winter Conference 2014 to find the NEW… 44

K. Kinoshita Backup 45 Aspen Winter Conference 2014

K. Kinoshita Aspen Winter Conference 2014 Result AFB Belle 46

Aspen Winter Conference 2014 K. Kinoshita D mixing/CP violation For 75 ab– 1 x=0. 8 y=0. 8 >4σ significance on x >5σ significance on y |q/p|=0. 9 ~4σ significance on 1 -|q/p| 47