Heat Transfer Earths Weather Unit 12 Important Vocabulary

Heat Transfer & Earth’s Weather Unit 12 •

Important Vocabulary ❖ condensation ❖ weather ❖ humidity ❖ dew point ❖ relative humidity ❖ precipitation ❖ thermometer ❖ Conduction ❖ Convection ❖ convection currents ❖ Radiation ❖ barometer ❖ meteorologist

Earth’s system • Atmosphere- envelope of gases surrounding the Earth • Cryosphere- is the frozen water part of the Earth system • frozen parts of the ocean, such as waters surrounding Antarctica and the Arctic • Hydrosphere- all the waters on Earth’s surface • lakes and seas

Weather Factors • Weather: describes the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and place • meteorologist- someone who can predict weather • Factors include: • • • Temperature Cloud cover Wind speed Wind direction Humidity Air pressure

Weather Videos https: //www. brainpop. com/science/weather/

Temperature • Remember, the Sun’s radiant energy powers the water cycle • Most of the energy on the Earth comes from the Sun • Temperature: is a measure of how fast air molecules are moving (average) • If the molecules are moving fast, the temperature is high • If the molecules are moving slowly, the temperature is low

How do we measure temperature? • Temperature can be measured using a thermometer • freezing point= 32⁰F • boiling point= 212⁰F • There are many units to use to measure temperature: • Celsius • Fahrenheit • Kelvin

Temperature video https: //www. brainpop. com/science/weather/temperature/

Thermal Energy thermal energymeasure of TOTAL energy of motion in the particles of a substance

Heat Transfer

Heat Transfer • heat moves from warm objects to cooler objects. • particles in a warm object transfer energy to the slower moving particles in a cooler object when they bump together. • Conduction: heat moves through objects that are in contact with one another • Convection: warm air (heat) rises, cold air sinks • Radiation: heat travels through electromagnetic waves

Convection currents • upward movement of warm air and downward movement of cold air form convection currents • heat is mostly transferred by convection in the troposphere

Heat Transfer

Atmospheric Pressure • Air is made up of particles…because of gravity, air also has a weight. • air pressure- weight of column of air pushing on an area • We can measure atmospheric pressure using a barometer. • The higher you go, the less pressure in the air. • Temperature and pressure are related: • Rising air (warm) means low pressure • Sinking air (cold) means high pressure

Atmospheric Pressure • https: //youtu. be/Qe. Ap 3 Cu. Gjk 8

Humidity • The amount of water vapor in the air is called humidity • Warmer air allows more water to be stored as water vapor in the atmosphere • The dew point is the temperature at which the air is holding as much water vapor as it can (saturated) and condensation can occur • A hygrometer is used to measure humidity

Humidity

Relative Humidity • Relative humidity is a measure (in percent %) of the amount of water vapor that is present compared to the amount that could be held at a specific temperature • When air is saturated it has 100% relative humidity • For example, in the previous chart air at 40°C can hold 50 g/cm 3 when saturated. If it only has 25 g/cm 3, the relative humidity is 50%.

Dew Point & Relative Humidity • If the dew point is close to the air temperature the relative humidity is high • If the dew point is much lower than the air temperature, the relative humidity is low