HEART BLOOD FLOW The heart works as pump

HEART: BLOOD FLOW The heart works as pump to distribute blood throughout the body.

3 TYPES OF CIRCULATION 1. PULMONARY: from heart to lungs and back 2. SYSTEMIC: from heart to body and back 3. CORONARY: from aorta to coronary vessels

Blood enters the heart from: Superior and inferior vena cava right atrium right ventricle pulmonary arteries LUNGS pulmonary veins left atrium left ventricle AORTA Arteries Tissue capillaries Veins

HEART: Valves In order: Atrio-ventricular (tricuspid) Between right atrium and right ventricle • Semi-lunar (pulmonary) • Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery • Atrio-ventricular (bicuspid) • Between left atrium and left ventricle • Semi-lunar (aortic) • Between left ventricle and aorta

Heart muscle and Blood supply LAYERS: • Endocardium • Myocardium • Pericardium SEPTUM BLOOD SUPPLY: • Coronary arteries from aorta

Nerve Supply Sino- atrial(SA) node Pacemaker Small mass of tissue in the right atrium that starts the nerve impulses stimulating the heartbeat Atrio-ventricular (AV) node passes the nerve impulses to the ventricles, so that they contract simultaneously

SUMMARY OF THE ACTIVITIES Station 1: BLOOD PRESSURE is recorded as Systole/Diastole (average 120 mm Hg/80 mm. Hg) There are 2 phases of a HEART BEAT: Diastole: Relaxation of the atria Systole: Contraction of the ventricles pushing the blood into the arteries. There should be very little difference between the readings from one arm to the next. If it is more than 15 -20 points, it may indicate some minor narrowing of the blood vessels or pre-hypertension (early signs).

SUMMARY OF ACTIVITY STATIONS Heart Sounds: LUBB-DUBB LUBB the AV valves closing DUBB the semilunar valves closing as the ventricles relax http: //youtu. be/39 n 4 XWv 7 fl. Q

STATION #5 PULSE Normal pulse at rest is 60 -80 bpm. Heart beats and pushes the blood through the arteries. Artery walls are stretched and increase in size. The pulse is felt where the arteries are near the surface. Maximum heart rate is 220 - your age. Target heart rate zone: 60 -85 % of your max. (120 -180 mm. Hg) FIT FORMULA: Frequency (3 -5 days/week), Intensity (target zone), Time: (20 -60 min)

BLOOD COMPONENTS TYPE FUNCTION # Red blood cells Contain hemoglobin Carries oxygen 45 % White blood cells Fights infection and inflammation <1% Platelets Small irregular cell fragments About 1% Plasma The fluid the cells float in. 55% Transports gases, nutrients, wastes and hormones

BLOOD COMPONENTS Red Blood Cells • White Blood Cells Platelets Plasma

STATION 6: FAST FOOD Calories normal: F: 1750 -2400/day M: 2300 -3100/day < 65 g/day Fat: Unsaturated Saturated Trans fat (hydrogenated) Salt good bad ugly <2300 mg/day