Health Management Information Systems What is Health Informatics

Health Management Information Systems What is Health Informatics? Lecture a This material (Comp 6 Unit 1) was developed by Duke University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU 24 OC 000024. This material was updated by Normandale Community College, funded under Award Number 90 WT 0003. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non. Commercial-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http: //creative commons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4. 0/

What is Health Informatics? Learning Objectives 1. Define information management, information system (technology) and informatics 2. Explain the basic theoretical concept that underlies informatics practice 3. Define the meaning of biomedical and health informatics as a field of study 4. Describe the biomedical informatics areas of applications 5. Summarize the informatics drivers and trends 2

Information Management • Data • Information – Generate – Disseminate – Collect – Communicate – Organize – Present – Validate – Utilize – Analyze – Transmit – Store – Safeguard – Integrate 3

Information System (Technology) • Interchangeable terms – Information system – Information technology • Automated system – Computer hardware and software o Receives and stores data o Processes data o Outputs data 4

Informatics • The science of information – Information = data with meaning • Definition based on – Data – Information – Knowledge 5

Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom Hierarchy • Data – Symbols, facts, measurements • Information – Data processed to be useful – Provides the “who, what, when, where” • Knowledge – Application of data and information – Provides the “how” • Wisdom – Evaluated understanding – Provides the “why” 6

Fundamental Theorem of Informatics Figure 1. 1 A “Fundamental Theorem” of Informatics: (Friedman, 2009). 7

Application Domains for Informatics • Any area of human endeavor supportable by information technology – Such as o Entertainment o Law and law enforcement o Health care o Other fields where computer technology interfaces with people 8

Biomedical Informatics • American Medical informatics Association (AMIA) – “Biomedical informatics (BMI) is the interdisciplinary field that studies and pursues the effective uses of biomedical data, information, and knowledge for scientific inquiry, problem solving, and decision making, motivated by efforts to improve human health. ” • Shortliffe and Blois – “The scientific field that deals with biomedical information, data, and knowledge – their storage, retrieval, and optimal use for problem solving and decision making. ” 9

Health Informatics • Informatics applied to health care • Includes – Management and use of data and information in health care • Involves – Information technology • Requires – Standards 10

Biomedical Informatics 1 Figure 1. 2 Biomedical Informatics: Modified by Dr. Jiajie Zhang, The University of Texas at Houston, School of Biomedical Informatics from Shortliffe & Blois, 2001 11

Biomedical Informatics 2 Figure 1. 2 Biomedical Informatics: Modified by Dr. Jiajie Zhang, The University of Texas at Houston, School of Biomedical Informatics from Shortliffe & Blois, 2001 12

Biomedical Informatics 3 Figure 1. 2 Biomedical Informatics: Modified by Dr. Jiajie Zhang, The University of Texas at Houston, School of Biomedical Informatics from Shortliffe & Blois, 2001 13

Biomedical Informatics 4 Figure 1. 2 Biomedical Informatics: Modified by Dr. Jiajie Zhang, The University of Texas at Houston, School of Biomedical Informatics from Shortliffe & Blois, 2001 14

Biomedical Informatics 5 Figure 1. 2 Biomedical Informatics: Modified by Dr. Jiajie Zhang, The University of Texas at Houston, School of Biomedical Informatics from Shortliffe & Blois, 2001 15

Biomedical Informatics 6 Figure 1. 2 Biomedical Informatics: Modified by Dr. Jiajie Zhang, The University of Texas at Houston, School of Biomedical Informatics from Shortliffe & Blois, 2001 16

Biomedical Informatics 7 Figure 1. 2 Biomedical Informatics: Modified by Dr. Jiajie Zhang, The University of Texas at Houston, School of Biomedical Informatics from Shortliffe & Blois, 2001 17

Biomedical Informatics 8 Figure 1. 2 Biomedical Informatics: Modified by Dr. Jiajie Zhang, The University of Texas at Houston, School of Biomedical Informatics from Shortliffe & Blois, 2001 18

Current Drivers • American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) – Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Programs o Meaningful use of interoperable health information technology and qualified EHRs • Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act – Provides for a number of “Alternative Payment Models” which require health information technology o Data analysis and reporting are necessary to improve quality and lower costs 19

Current Trends in Health Informatics • • e. Health Electronic medical records Electronic health records Health information exchange 20

e. Health • WHO’s definition – Use of information and communication technologies for health for different purposes • HIMSS’s definition – Application of the Internet/other technologies to health care for various goals and objectives 21

Electronic Medical Record (EMR) • Electronic record of health-related information on an individual – Within one health care organization 22

Electronic Health Record (EHR) • Electronic record of health-related information on an individual – Across more than one health care organization 23

Health Information Exchange (HIE) • Electronic movement of health-related information among organizations • Involves networks • Local, state, and national HIE initiatives 24

What is Health Informatics? Summary – Lecture a • Defined terms • Described theorem • Explained field of study related to biomedical and health informatics • Provided an overview of drivers and trends 25

What is Health Informatics? References – 1 – Lecture a References Altman, R. B. , & Mooney, S. D. (2001). Bioinformatics. In Shortliffe. E. , & Cimino, J. J. (Eds. ), Biomedical informatics: Computer applications in health care and biomedicine (3 rd ed) (p. 763. New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media. American Health Information Management Association. (2012). Pocket glossary for health information management and technology (3 rd ed. ). Chicago, IL: Author. AMIA. (2016). About AMIA. Retrieved from http: //www. amia. org/about-amia AMIA's Academic Forum. (n. d. ). Definition of biomedical informatics. Retrieved from http: //www. amia. org/biomedical-informatics-core-competencies Bernstam E. , Smith J. , & Johnson T. (2009, August). What is biomedical Informatics. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 43(1). doi: 10. 1016/j. jbi. 2009. 08. 006 Friedman, C. (2009). A "fundamental theorem" of biomedical informatics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 16(2), 169 -170. doi: 10. 1197/jamia. M 3092 Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society. (2003, May 5). HIMSS E-Health SIG white paper. Retrieved from http: //www. longwoods. com/content/20034 Merriam-Webster Online. (2011). Retrieved from http: //www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/theorem Rowley, J. (2007, February). The wisdom hierarchy: Representations of the DIKW hierarchy. Journal of Information Science, 44. doi: 10. 1177/0165551506070706 26

What is Health Informatics? References – 2 – Lecture a References Shortliffe, E. , & Blois, M. (2006). The computer meets medicine and biology: Emergence of a discipline. In Shortliffe. E. , & Cimino, J. J. (Eds. ), Biomedical informatics: Computer applications in health care and biomedicine (3 rd ed) (pp. 3 -45). New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media. The National Alliance for Health Information Technology. (2008, April 28). Defining key health information technology terms. Retrieved from http: //www. hitechanswers. net/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/NAHIT-Definitions 2008. pdf UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, UMDNJ-School of Health Related Professions Department of Health Informatics & New Jersey Institute of Technology. (n. d. ). MD/MS in Biomedical Informatics. [Brochure]. Retrieved from http: //rwjms. rutgers. edu/Education/current_students/academics/dual_degree_programs/document s//mdms_biomedicalinformatics. pdf U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. (2016, September 8). Health IT terms. Retrieved from https: //www. healthit. gov/patients-families/health-it-terms World Health Organization. (2011). e. Health. Retrieved from http: //www. who. int/topics/ehealth/en/ 27

What is Health Informatics? Lecture a This material was developed by Duke University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU 24 OC 000024. This material was updated by Normandale Community College, funded under Award Number 90 WT 0003. 28