HEALTH EFFECTS OF ASBESTOS EXPOSURE RELATIVE EXPOSURE HAZARDS

HEALTH EFFECTS OF ASBESTOS EXPOSURE

RELATIVE EXPOSURE HAZARDS Asbestos is an Inhalation Hazard • Passive or ambient exposure - normal background - passive exposure - low disease potential • Occupational exposure - workplace exposure - on-going basis - potentially high disease potential

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE • An ongoing exposure as a result of the work being performed, perhaps for a working career. • Historical “waves” of asbestos disease: Factory workers Shipyard workers Construction/Maintenance Industry

ASBESTOS DISEASES • Lung Cancer: • Cancer of the lung tissue associated with the bronchial tubes. • 20 -30 year latency • 90 times greater incidence in occupationally exposed smokers • Asbestosis: • Scarring of the lungs at the alveoli • Inhibits oxygen transfer into the blood • 15 -20 Year Latency • Mesothelioma: • A cancer of the pleural and/or peritoneal membranes • 20 -45 year latency, possibly longer

Regulations

Initial Guidance Documents (EPA) • Silver Book (4 -1985) – Measuring Airborne Asbestos Following an Abatement Action • Purple Book (6 -1985) – Guidance for Controlling Asbestos-Containing Materials in Buildings • Pink Book (10 -1985) – Asbestos in Buildings: Simplified Sampling Scheme for Friable Surfacing Materials • Green Book (7 -1990) – Managing Asbestos In Place: A Building Owners Guide to Operations and Maintenance Programs for Asbestos. Containing Materials (a supplement to the Purple Book)

ASBESTOS REGULATIONS Federal OSHA Asbestos Construction Standard -- 29 CFR 1926. 1101 Respiratory Protection Standard -- 29 CFR 1910. 134 US EPA NESHAP 40 CFR 61, Subpart M AHERA 40 CFR 763, Subpart E WORKER PROTECTION 40 CFR 763, Subpart G ASHARA (Model Accreditation Plan) Cal-OSHA California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 1529 Cal-OSHA, Article 2. 5, Sections 341. 6 – 341. 17

SCOPE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS OSHA: Work Site Procedures For Worker Protection NESHAP: Waste Generation and Management: Demolition and Renovation AHERA: Identification and Management in Buildings MAP: Certification of Persons

SCOPE & APPLICABILITY OF AHERA x Applies in schools x Industry standard for occupied buildings x Requires identification of all ACBM x Requires safe management of ACBM x Industry standards for identification & management x. Contains the Model Accreditation Plan (appendix C) AHERA TELLS US WHAT IS ASBESTOS AND WHAT IS NOT, AND REQUIRES THAT ACBM BE MANAGED SAFELY IN OCCUPIED SCHOOL BUILDINGS. AHERA DOES NOT REQUIRE REMOVAL !

SCOPE & APPLICABILITY OF MAP • Applies in all buildings except residential housing through 10 units Requires certification of inspectors Requires certification of persons who design or conduct response actions: Project Designers Contractor/Supervisors Workers Requires Project Designer if specs are used The Model Accreditation Plan is an EPA regulation that came out of AHERA, and as such, it applies to Response Actions (friable abatement), inside buildings.

SCOPE & APPLICABILITY OF OSHA • Applies wherever a worker works who may be exposed to asbestos � Requires employers to protect employees � The building owner is an employer � A notification regulation for building owners � A specification regulation for contractors Generally applies even when EPA does not � OSHA DOES NOT REQUIRE ASBESTOS WORK TO BE DONE, BUT REGULATES THE WORK PROCEDURES IF AN EMPLOYEE DISTURBS OR CONTACTS ASBESTOS. OSHA GIVES US WORK PRACTICES!

SCOPE & APPLICABILITY OF NESHAP Applies to all facilities except single residential buildings having 4 living units or less. REQUIRES A THOROUGH INSPECTION BEFORE DISTURBANCE � Requires controlled removal of RACM about to be disturbed by DEMOLITION or RENOVATION � Requires prior notification to EPA � Requires proper management thru & after disposal � No visible emissions NESHAP REQUIRES CONTROLLED REMOVAL OF ASBESTOS, BY REGULATING THE GENERATION, MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF THE WASTE. NESHAP IS ASBESTOS WASTE MANAGEMENT!

Cal-OSHA Scope and applicability is the same as Federal OSHA with several additions. • Defines Asbestos Containing Construction Material (ACCM) as any manufactured construction material which contains >0. 1% asbestos • Requires registration of employers who disturb 100 s. f. or more of ACCM • Requires certification of consultants (CAC) and Site Surveillance Technicians (CSST) • Prohibits contractors from providing professional health and safety services and CAC’s or CSST’s from having any financial interest in an asbestos contractor hired for the same project.

EPA AHERA ASBESTOS HAZARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACT 40 CFR 763, Subpart E

AHERA Applies in Schools: • Kindergarten - 12 • Public and Private • Not for Profit Requires that Schools: • Identify all ACBM • Evaluate the Hazards Posed by ACBM • Safely Manage ACBM in the Building

AHERA REQUIREMENTS 40 CFR 763. 80: Scope and Purpose. 83: Definitions. 84: General LEA Responsibilities. 85: Inspections and Reinspections. 86: Sampling. 87: Analysis. 88: Assessments. 90: Response Actions

AHERA REQUIREMENTS 40 CFR 763 (cont. ). 91: Operations and Management. 92: Training and Periodic Surveillance. 93: Management Plans. 94: Recordkeeping. 95: Warning Labels. 97: Compliance and Enforcement. 98: Waiver, Delegation to State. 99: Exclusions

APPENDICES • Appendix A: TEM analytical methods • Appendix B: SS/SD work practices (Replace with OSHA Class III requirements ) • Appendix C: Model Accreditation Plan • Appendix D: Waste transport & disposal (Replace with NESHAP requirements)

A WHOLE PICTURE OF AHERA ACM Response Action

EPA MODEL ACCREDITATION PLAN 40 CFR 763 Appendix C to Subpart E (ASHARA) February 3, 1994

EPA’s Model Accreditation Plan (MAP) APPLIES TO INSPECTIONS AND RESPONSE ACTIONS IN ALL BUILDINGS EXCEPT RESIDENTIAL THRU 10 UNITS (All houses are exempt) -Requires accreditation of training curriculums - Requires certifications of asbestos inspectors - Requires certification of people who design and conduct response actions

DEFINITIONS • RESPONSE ACTION: A response to • Friable ACM • Inside the building • Bigger than SS/SD

MAP Accreditations • • • Building Inspector (3 days) Management Planner (2 days) Project Designer (3 days) Contractor Supervisor (5 days) Worker (4 days) Must be by a Cal-OSHA accredited training provider. The above are certified levels of training that can only be provided by EPA or State approved training providers. Certification is good for one year at which time an annual refresher is required by the MAP.

DEFINITIONS INSPECTION: Determine the presence, location or assessment of friable or nonfriable ACBM, whether by visual, physical examination or sampling. Includes reinspections. Does not include: • Periodic surveillance • Regulatory inspections • Final clearance

DEFINITIONS SMALL SCALE-SHORT DURATION (SS/SD): Maintenance work which will not exceed one glove-bag or one prefabricated minienclosure. This work does not require certification.

Application of the MAP When addressing a Response Action, the following is required: • If formal specs are used, they must be done by a certified Project Designer • Contractor/Supervisor certification of the competent person • Worker certification of all workers

Application of the MAP Requires certification of Project Designers, Supervisors and workers when non-friable ACM becomes friable during work: � VAT removal � Mastic removal � Transite (inside) � Any other Cat. II ACM (inside)