Health Disease Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Kingdom Eubacteria
Health & Disease
Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia For 2 billion years, the prokaryotes were the only life form on the planet. SIMPLE cells… These first life forms were very _______ NUCLEUS spheres with genetic material inside. No _______ and no membrane bound ORGANELLES ___________. DNA mutated. These simple cells changed as their ______ Some mutations were harmful, others were beneficial and others just created new variations with no advantage. The accumulation of these changes created organisms with a great diversity in size, shape and means of survival.
Shapes of Bacteria: Coccus – Circular Bacillus – Rod shaped Spirillium - spiral Obtaining energy: HETEROTROPHS • Some bacteria are ___________ and must consume other compounds for food/energy, others AUTOTROPHS • Other bacteria are ___________ and can produce their own food/energy using light or chemicals Bacterial Growth Bacteria Shapes & Motion
Notable Features: BACTERIA __________ FLAGELLUM – used for movement (swimming) Pili – look like cilia, but don’t move. They allow bacteria to stick to surfaces (like velcro). Cell Wall – protection against lysis (cell breaking) ___________ – extra CAPSULE protective layer around cell wall. Helps bacteria survive in hostile conditions (like in your stomach).
Where are bacteria? Bacteria exist all around us, in the air we breathe, on the surfaces we touch, on our skin, and within us. Many bacteria do not actually harm us. In fact they can be helpful to us. Bacteria are responsible for: turning milk to yogurt, adding flavor to foods breaking down dead leaves into soil helping break down food in our digestive system (symbiosis).
How do Bacteria Reproduce: BINARY FISSION ________________ - form of asexual reproduction where the DNA is copied and the cell splits in two forming clones. CONJUGATION ________________ - form of sexual reproduction where two cells meet up and exchange pieces of DNA – helps increase genetic diversity
Virus vs. Bacteria LIVING NON-LIVING BIT BIGGER VERY SMALL REPRODUCE ON OWN CANNOT REPRODUCE CAUSE ON OWN DISEAESE DNA &/OR RNA
DISEASES Disease Source: Viral or Bacterial HIV VIRUS Influenza VIRUS Smallpox Streptococcus VIRUS BACTERIA What it does… Treatment Destroys helper T cells, which are part of the immune system and then body cannot fight infections that the normal person can No cure but drugs have been developed to control the virus. Problem – HIV is constantly mutating Causes body aches, fever, sore throat, stuffy nose, headache & fatigue Deadly disease that causes pustules (bumps on body filled with pus), high fever, fatigue Causes strep throat, fever, sore throat, swollen glands Flu vaccine can help prevent the virus, otherwise time Due to a vaccination program, smallpox has been eliminated Antibiotics
2 Types of Immunity IMMUNITY – short-term immunity ◦PASSIVE ____________ when antibodies produced for a pathogen injected into the body or a mother gives a baby short term immunity until the infant can make its own antibodies Ex: being injected w/ antibodies that attack a rabies virus after being bitten Receiving vaccines before going to another country IMMUNITY - body makes own ◦ ACTIVE ____________ antibodies in response to an antigen
Antibodies and Antigens: ANTIGEN ________ – substance not recognized by the body that causes an immune response Antibody – proteins that recognize and bind to antigens
Treatment of Bacterial Infections: ANTIBIOTICS ________________ – block the growth or reproduction of bacteria (can’t be used to fight viruses) ◦ Taken after an infection has started Ex: Take antibiotics for strep throat.
VACCINES ________________ – solutions containing weakened or killed pathogens (a pathogen is anything that causes disease) ◦ Taken prior to an infection to build antibodies against the pathogen Sometimes antibiotics were prescribed for viral infections. Viruses cannot ANTIVIRAL be killed by antibiotics. There are ___________ that treat viral infections by preventing the virus from developing.
How does a virus infect cells? How does a body try and fight off an infection?
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